History Optional Test Series Cum Crash Course

The program's objective is not only to test candidates through answer writing, but also to give them complete support in preparation, especially content through concept classes (recorded videos + live classes). These classes will help candidates to enrich their notes and create a framework for answer writing. We recommend this program for all those who believe that they need more study before attempting tests. To avoid procrastination on writing tests and to prepare for them for the mains, 2025, this program has been created. Chandrabhan Sir will be your mentor, faculty and guide in these three months and will help you to translate your knowledge and all potential into good marks and eventually a good rank.

Last Year, our student Akshat Kolwaal (AIR 352) joined this program and worked diligently and ended up being on the merit list in the first attempt itself. This time, it will be you…

Understanding the challenges for Mains appearing aspirants

• Number of days available – around 75 days (after the declaration of prelims results to the commencement of the Mains exam on 22nd August 2025)
• Revising the syllabus at least 2 to 3 times with special emphasis on themes repeated in PYQs
• Prepare historiography, in a nutshell, to incorporate in answer writing
• Practise maps to get a hit rate of at least 15 sites out of 20 sites.
• Cover the cultural theme (especially literary themes)
• Cover micro topics generally asked as 10-mark questions (prepare around 150 words)

Course offerings

• Workshop (open to all) on how to write answers in history optional and to plan your preparation in the given time frame.
• Total tests – 6 (4 sectional tests + 2 Full-length tests)
• Discussion videos of all tests with more emphasis on the approach (live and recorded)
• Handwritten and printed notes of faculty for value addition - Socio-economic and cultural themes
• Synopsis of all major debates of Paper I and II
• Evaluation and feedback session by the faculty
• Daily answer practice questions and feedback from the faculty
• Mentorship during the course phase to clear doubts
• Maps for regular practice (theme-based)

Paper I

Focus areas

• Historiography of important themes
• Political themes - nature of State, policy initiatives of emperors and sultans and their impact on people, Debate on the fall of state
• Religious themes - Fertility cult (worship of mother Goddess) Shaivism, Vaishnavism, Puranic Hinduism, Tantrism, Heterodox sects, Bhakti-Sufi movement, religious philosophy and literature, Din-i-illahi
• Literary themes - Court literature, Commentaries, Travelers account, translations, folk literature
• Economic themes - Development of trade and commerce, agriculture, moneylending and banking, role of state and other factors
• Cultural themes - State art and popular art, Influences and inspirations
• Social + Subaltern Themes - Urbanisation, an account of the life of the people, Varna, caste and Jati, Position of women, Shudra, Indian Muslims, Dalits, peasantisation of tribes, Rajputisation, Peasant - state relations, the role of intermediaries - Khuts, Muqaddam, Chaudharies, Zamindars, Jagirdars
• Archaeology as the basis of the study of prehistoric and proto-historic community

Map Section

• Pre-Historic Sites
• Proto Historic Sites - IVC (focus on recent discoveries)
• Mahajanapadas and their capitals
• Temple Sites, Educational sites
• Buddhist and Jaina sites
• Rock Caves (related to Art and Culture)
• Important Ports during Ancient India
• Recent additions to World Heritage Site lists

Different nature of questions from the above themes

Historiography

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Literary sources

1. How far can the ancient Indian Sruti literature be used as a historical source? (2015, 15 marks)
2. The copious references to the preservation of the Varnashrama system by the kings eulogised in inscriptions are mere reflections of the Smriti tradition.” Discuss (2016, 15 marks)
3. Ancient Indians had no taste for historiography…… Comment on the various approaches towards the study of Ancient India.
4. Write short notes on Hindu Literature, and Sanskrit literature, and translation of Sanskrit to Persian works during Mughal rule.
5. Questions on Kalhana Rajatrangini - A reliable source of the political history of Kashmir, Jonaraja’s contribution
6. Various accounts of travelers - Chinese, Arab accounts
7. Religious literature - Upanishads, Bhakti and Sufi literature

Indus Valley Civilisation

1. Discuss the water management and its conservation planning in the Harappan (Indus -Saraswati) cities (2013,20 marks)
2. Give an account of the Burial practices in the Harappan civilisation people.
3. Throw light on the life of a common man in Harappan civilisation based on various findings.
4. Do you agree that ecological factors influenced the flow and ebb of the Harappan civilisation? Comment (2021,20 marks)

Themes on Continuity and Change

1. The varna concept may always have been largely a theoretical model and never an actual description of society.” Comment (2013,15 marks)
2. The concept of Shramanic religions, with particular reference to Buddhism, had its roots in Upanishadic ideas. Discuss (2018,15 marks)
3. Sanskrit literature of the classical Gupta Age set standards for the early medieval India.’ Evaluate the statement with representative examples.
4. Discuss the evolution and development of regional temple architecture of South India with special reference to Pallavas. (2020,20 marks)

 Paper II

Section A (Modern India)

From the establishment of British rule to the creation of Indian National Congress (B L Grover)

• Ideological and other considerations shaping British policies in India
• Impact of British rule on Indian economy, society, culture
• Native states and EIC - Bengal conquest and plunder, Anglo-Maratha wars, Anglo-Mysore wars (Role of Tipu Sultan)
• Role of Governor Generals - Clive, Cornwallis, Bentinck, Dalhousie, Rippon and Curzon
• Constitutional developments during the British Raj, Famine policy, development of local self-government
• India’s response to the British rule - Indian Renaissance, Socio religious reform movements, Caste movements, 1857 revolt, peasant revolts, tribal uprisings
• Rise of Indian Nationalism, Ideology and long-term strategy of Indian national movement

From 1885 to 1947 (Shekhar Bandhopadhyay)

• Indian National Congress - Contribution of moderates and their limitations, Swadeshi Movement, Foreign policy of INC, the contribution of Tilak, Aurobindo Ghosh, Women in INC, Association of Indian Capitalists
• Gandhian ideology and movement - Rowlatt Satyagraha, Support to Khilafat movement, NCM, CDM and QIM, Gandhi and peasant cause
• Revolutionary extremism - Marxist influence, Bhagat Singh, Irish influence, outside India
• Rise of Left - Communist, Congress Socialists, M N Roy, Subhash and Nehru
• Peasant movements and INM
• Transfer of Power - Debates

Section B(Modern World History)

• Revolutions - (AR, FR, RR and IR) - Debate on the nature, causes, role of women, subaltern, outcome and legacy
• Rise of nation states - GU, IU, Balkan Nationalism and Modern Japan
• Intellectual and Philosophical movements - Renaissance and Enlightenment, Major Thinkers
• 20th Century - WWI, WWII, Europe between world wars, Rise of Counter revolution
• Post-WW European Reconstruction and Consolidation
• Cold WAR
• West Asia in turmoil
• Unipolar world and its challenges
• UN and analysis of its functioning
• Decolonisation and Postcolonialism, Rise of 3rd World - Global South, NAM, NAM 2.0