{"id":101764,"date":"2026-05-04T17:02:11","date_gmt":"2026-05-04T11:32:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=101764"},"modified":"2026-05-04T17:02:11","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T11:32:11","slug":"indian-musical-instruments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/indian-musical-instruments\/","title":{"rendered":"Indian Musical Instruments, History, Classification, Example"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian Musical Instruments represent one of the oldest and richest musical traditions in the world, deeply connected with India\u2019s cultural and spiritual heritage. The concept of \u2018Sangeet\u2019 combines vocal, instrumental and dance forms, making music a holistic art. From Vedic chants of Samaveda to modern classical and folk traditions, Indian Musical Instruments have evolved across regions, religions and dynasties, reflecting diversity, continuity and deep scientific understanding of sound and rhythm.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Indian Musical Instruments Historical Evolution<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian Musical Instruments evolved from Vedic chants, temple traditions, Mughal influences and regional cultures, reflecting continuous musical development across ancient, medieval and modern periods.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Vedic Origins<\/strong>: Early music began with <strong>Samaveda<\/strong> chants sung by Udgatar priests. These chants used structured notes, marking the origin of swaras (sa, re, ga, ma, pa, da, ni) and establishing music as a medium of prayer and ritual.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Natya Shastra Contribution<\/strong>: <strong>Bharata\u2019s Natya Shastra<\/strong> (200 BCE-200 CE) systematically classified instruments and explained sound production, performance and musical theory, forming the scientific foundation of Indian musical traditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Indus and Prehistoric Evidence<\/strong>: Archaeological findings from <strong>Bhimbetka<\/strong> <strong>caves<\/strong> and <strong>Harappan<\/strong> <strong>sites<\/strong> show early use of drums, flutes and dance, indicating musical activity dating back nearly 10,000 years.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Medieval Influence<\/strong>: <strong>Mughal<\/strong> <strong>rulers<\/strong> introduced <strong>Persian<\/strong> and <strong>Central<\/strong> <strong>Asian<\/strong> elements, influencing instruments like sitar and tabla and expanding melodic and rhythmic complexity in North Indian music traditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/bhakti-movements-in-north-india\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Bhakti<\/strong> <strong>Movement<\/strong><\/a> Role: Devotional saints promoted music through simple instruments like ektara and tambura, making music accessible and integrating it with spiritual practices across regions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Modern Developments<\/strong>: Systematic classification by <strong>Vishnu<\/strong> <strong>Narayan<\/strong> <strong>Bhatkhande<\/strong> and integration of Western instruments like violin strengthened Indian music, preserving tradition while adapting to modern contexts.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Indian Musical Instruments Classification<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indian Musical Instruments are classified into four categories based on sound production, as described in <strong>Natya<\/strong> <strong>Shastra<\/strong>, forming a universal scientific system.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Tata Vadya<\/strong>: These are string instruments where sound is produced by vibrating strings, such as sitar, veena, sarod and violin.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Sushira Vadya<\/strong>: These are wind instruments producing sound through vibrating air columns, including flute, shehnai and harmonium.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Avanaddha Vadya<\/strong>: These are percussion instruments producing sound by striking stretched membranes, such as tabla, dholak and mridangam.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ghana Vadya<\/strong>: These are solid instruments producing sound by self vibration, like manjira, ghatam and khartal, often used in rhythm accompaniment.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Tata Vadya\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tata Vadya includes string instruments where sound is produced by vibrating stretched strings, controlled by tension, length and playing techniques.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>String Vibration Principle<\/strong>: Sound is generated by plucking or bowing stretched metal or gut strings, where tension and length determine pitch, duration and tonal quality.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Structural Components<\/strong>: Instruments include resonator (toomba), fingerboard (danda), bridge and tuning pegs, which together amplify and regulate sound vibrations effectively.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Pitch Control Mechanism<\/strong>: Changes in string length and tightness allow precise variation in musical notes, enabling complex ragas and melodic improvisations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Historical Origin<\/strong>: Early forms evolved from hunter\u2019s bow like harps, later developing into sophisticated instruments like veena and sitar used in classical traditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Resonance Enhancement<\/strong>: Sympathetic strings (tarab) vibrate along with main strings, enriching sound depth and creating a distinctive echo effect in instruments like sitar.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Tata Vadya Musical Instruments\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tata Vadya instruments are widely used in classical, folk and modern music, forming the melodic foundation of Indian Musical Instruments tradition.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Saraswati Veena<\/strong>: One of the oldest instruments, dating to around 1700 BCE, used in <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/carnatic-music\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Carnatic<\/strong> <strong>music<\/strong><\/a>, featuring 4 main strings and 3 drone strings with 24 fixed frets.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Sitar<\/strong>: Introduced around the 13th century, influenced by Persian \u2018setar\u2019, widely used in <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/hindustani-music\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Hindustani<\/strong> <strong>music<\/strong><\/a> and popularized globally by artists like <strong>Ravi<\/strong> <strong>Shankar<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Sarod<\/strong>: Derived from rebab and veena, made of teak wood, known for its deep tone and associated with musicians like <strong>Tansen<\/strong> and <strong>Amjad<\/strong> <strong>Ali<\/strong> <strong>Khan<\/strong>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Violin<\/strong>: Adapted into Indian music in the 18th century, played differently from Western style, becoming essential in Carnatic performances as both solo and accompaniment instrument.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Santoor<\/strong>: A dulcimer type instrument with around 100 strings, played by striking with mallets, mainly associated with <strong>Jammu<\/strong> <strong>and Kashmir\u2019s Sufiana<\/strong> <strong>music<\/strong> tradition.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Sushira Vadya\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sushira Vadya includes wind instruments where sound is produced by vibrating air columns, controlled through blowing techniques and finger movements.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Air Column Vibration<\/strong>: Sound originates from air blown into hollow tubes, with pitch controlled by opening and closing finger holes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Flute Structure<\/strong>: Usually made of bamboo or wood, simple design with finger holes allows production of melodious and soft tonal variations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Reed Mechanism<\/strong>: Reed instruments use one or two vibrating reeds, producing sharper and louder sounds suitable for ceremonial and classical performances.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Conical Design<\/strong>: Many reed instruments have conical tubes widening at one end, enhancing sound projection and tonal richness.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ancient Evidence<\/strong>: <strong>Indus<\/strong> <strong>Valley<\/strong> <strong>excavations<\/strong> reveal clay whistles and wind instruments, proving early existence of aerophones in Indian civilization.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Sushira Vadya Musical Instruments\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sushira Vadya instruments play a major role in melody and ceremonial music across Indian Musical Instruments traditions.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Bansuri<\/strong>: Bamboo flute with six or seven holes, associated with <strong>Lord<\/strong> <strong>Krishna<\/strong>, widely used in Folk and <strong>Classical music<\/strong> for its soft and expressive sound.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Shehnai<\/strong>: Double reed instrument with seven holes, traditionally played at weddings and temples, known for its auspicious and powerful tonal quality.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Harmonium<\/strong>: Introduced in the 19th century, uses reeds and keyboard system, widely used in classical, devotional and <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/folk-music-of-india\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>folk<\/strong> <strong>music <\/strong><\/a>accompaniment.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Nadaswaram<\/strong>: A South Indian reed instrument with a loud and resonant sound, commonly played in temples and religious ceremonies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Algoza<\/strong>: Twin flute instrument used in Punjab and Rajasthan, producing continuous melody through simultaneous blowing into two pipes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Avanaddha Vadya\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avanaddha Vadya includes percussion instruments where sound is produced by striking stretched animal skin membranes over hollow bodies.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Membrane Vibration<\/strong>: Sound is generated when stretched skin vibrates upon striking, producing rhythmic beats essential for musical timing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Material Composition<\/strong>: Instruments are made using wood, metal, or clay bodies covered with animal hide, ensuring durability and tonal variation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Playing Techniques<\/strong>: Played using hands, sticks, or both, depending on instrument type, enabling diverse rhythmic patterns.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Vedic References<\/strong>: Early mention of Bhumi Dundhubhi shows use of ground drums covered with animal hide, struck for sound production.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Structural Types<\/strong>: Includes vertical drums, horizontal drums, frame drums and hourglass shaped instruments like damaru, each with distinct sound properties.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Avanaddha Vadya Musical Instruments\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avanaddha Vadya instruments provide rhythm and tempo, forming the backbone of Indian Musical Instruments performance systems.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Tabla<\/strong>: Pair of drums consisting of dayan and bayan, widely used in Hindustani music, with complex tuning system and rhythmic versatility.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Mridangam<\/strong>: Double headed drum used in Carnatic music, played with hands, producing rich tonal combinations essential for classical performances.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Dholak<\/strong>: Barrel shaped drum popular in folk music, used in bhangra and traditional events, played in lap or standing position.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Pakhawaj<\/strong>: Ancient drum used in dhrupad style, played horizontally, producing deep and resonant sounds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Damaru<\/strong>: Hourglass shaped drum associated with mythology, producing rhythmic beats through attached cords striking the membrane.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Ghana Vadya\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ghana Vadya includes solid instruments that produce sound through self vibration without strings or membranes, mainly used for rhythm support.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Self Sounding Nature<\/strong>: Sound is produced by striking or shaking the instrument itself, without requiring tuning or external vibration sources.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Earliest Instruments<\/strong>: Considered among the earliest musical tools created by humans due to their simple structure and natural sound production.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Rhythmic Function<\/strong>: Primarily used for maintaining rhythm and timing in folk, devotional and classical performances.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Material Composition<\/strong>: Made from metal, wood, or clay, providing durability and distinct tonal qualities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ease of Use<\/strong>: Simple design makes them accessible for community participation in music and dance activities.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Ghana Vadya Musical Instruments\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ghana Vadya instruments are essential for rhythm accompaniment and are widely used in Indian Musical Instruments traditions.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Manjira<\/strong>: Small metallic cymbals struck together, commonly used in devotional songs and classical performances to maintain rhythm.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Ghatam<\/strong>: Clay pot instrument used in Carnatic music, producing bass sounds by striking different parts with hands and fingers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Khartal<\/strong>: Wooden clappers with metal jingles, widely used in folk music, especially in Rajasthan and devotional performances.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Chimta<\/strong>: Metal instrument with jingles, commonly used in Punjabi folk music, producing rhythmic metallic sounds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Jhanj<\/strong>: Large cymbals used in temple rituals and classical performances, creating loud rhythmic beats.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Musical Instruments of Northern India<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Northern India follows <strong>Hindustani<\/strong> <strong>Music<\/strong>, where instruments show strong Mughal influence and focus on improvisation, melody and rhythmic complexity.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Melodic Emphasis<\/strong>: Instruments are designed to explore ragas with improvisation, using techniques like meend (gliding notes) and gamak, creating expressive and flexible musical structures.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Rhythmic Complexity<\/strong>: Strong tala system supported by percussion instruments, especially tabla, allows intricate rhythmic patterns and accompaniment in vocal and dance forms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Persian Influence<\/strong>: Many instruments reflect Indo Persian fusion, seen in structure and playing styles, especially in string and wind instruments.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Performance Style<\/strong>: Instruments are widely used in solo, accompaniment and classical dance forms like <strong>Kathak<\/strong>, showing versatility in musical presentation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Examples<\/strong>: Sitar and sarod for melody, tabla for rhythm and shehnai for ceremonial and classical performances.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Musical Instruments of Southern India<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Southern India follows <strong>Carnatic<\/strong> <strong>Music<\/strong>, where instruments are structured, composition based and closely linked to temple and devotional traditions.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Composition Based System<\/strong>: Instruments strictly follow fixed compositions (kritis), focusing on precision, discipline and clarity in musical expression.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Strong Rhythmic Foundation<\/strong>: Complex tala system supported by percussion instruments like mridangam ensures mathematical precision in rhythm patterns.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Temple Tradition Influence<\/strong>: Instruments are deeply connected with religious and temple performances, often used in rituals and classical concerts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Technical Playing Style<\/strong>: Emphasis on speed, accuracy and ornamentation like gamakas, requiring high technical skill and coordination.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Examples<\/strong>: Veena and violin for melody, mridangam for rhythm and nadaswaram for temple and festive performances.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Explore Indian Musical Instruments: types, history, classification, and examples like sitar, tabla, and flute, reflecting India\u2019s rich musical heritage.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":101321,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[786],"tags":[5271,5272,5989,7330],"class_list":{"0":"post-101764","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-general-studies","8":"tag-art-and-culture","9":"tag-art-and-culture-notes","10":"tag-indian-art-and-culture","11":"tag-indian-musical-instruments","12":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101764","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=101764"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101764\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":101783,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101764\/revisions\/101783"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/101321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=101764"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=101764"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=101764"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}