{"id":104043,"date":"2026-05-18T17:22:34","date_gmt":"2026-05-18T11:52:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=104043"},"modified":"2026-05-18T17:22:34","modified_gmt":"2026-05-18T11:52:34","slug":"dam-safety-framework-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/dam-safety-framework-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Dam Safety Framework in India, Status, Act, Challenges"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dams are important for irrigation, hydropower generation, drinking water supply and flood control in India. They play a major role in supporting agriculture, water security and economic development.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, <\/span><b>many dams in India are becoming old, while climate change and extreme rainfall events are increasing safety risks.<\/b> <b>To address these challenges, the government is strengthening the Dam Safety Framework in India <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">through the Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (DIRP), the Dam Safety Act, 2021 and technology-driven monitoring systems. These measures aim to improve dam safety, rehabilitation and long-term resilience.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Status of Dams in India<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>India has the world\u2019s third-largest dam network after the United States and China.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The country currently has <\/span><b>6,628 specified dams, of which 6,545 are operational <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">while 83 are under construction.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Together, these dams possess a gross water <\/span><b>storage capacity of nearly 330 billion cubic metres.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Most dams in India are owned by state governments.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Around 98.5 per cent of dams, or nearly 6,448 dams, belong to state governments.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Public Sector Undertakings own 49 dams, while private entities own 36 dams.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Maharashtra <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">possesses<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the<\/span><b> highest number of specified dams in the country<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, followed by Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Karnataka and Odisha.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>India\u2019s oldest functioning dam, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the historic <\/span><b>Kallanai, also known as the Grand Anicut<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, has remained operational for nearly 2,000 years.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Ageing Dam Infrastructure<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A large number of dams in India are becoming old:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Around 1,681 dams are more than 50 years old,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> including 291 dams that are over 100 years old.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition, <\/span><b>nearly 42 per cent of dams fall in the 25\u201350 year age group.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The ageing of dams has increased concerns related to structural deterioration, spillway inefficiency, sedimentation and disaster risks.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Climate change has further intensified the problem<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by increasing the frequency of extreme rainfall events and hydrological variability.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A study conducted by the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/central-water-commission\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Central Water Commission<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on 439 reservoirs found that <\/span><b>reservoirs have lost nearly 19 per cent of their gross storage capacity because of sedimentation.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>average annual storage loss has been estimated at around 0.74 per cent.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> These developments have made systematic dam rehabilitation and scientific safety management increasingly important.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project (DRIP)<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To strengthen ageing dam infrastructure, the Government of India launched the <\/span><b>Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is one of the <\/span><b>world\u2019s largest dam rehabilitation programmes <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and reflects India\u2019s shift towards a systematic and risk-based approach to dam safety management.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The programme <\/span><b>focuses on improving the safety and operational performance of dams <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">through <\/span><b>structural repairs, spillway modernisation, installation of monitoring systems and institutional strengthening.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>DRIP Phase I (2012\u20132021)<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>first phase of the Dam Rehabilitation and Improvement Project was launched in 2012<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with support from the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/world-bank\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>World Bank<\/b><\/a><b>.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The programme <\/span><b>covered 223 dams across seven states<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> namely Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and Uttarakhand.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Design flood reviews, dam health inspections and rehabilitation planning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> were completed for all 223 dams. <\/span><b>Rehabilitation works<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> were awarded for 144 dams.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The programme also <\/span><b>focused on preparing Emergency Action Plans, strengthening technical expertise and improving maintenance practices.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An important achievement of the first phase was the <\/span><b>introduction of the Dam Health and Rehabilitation Monitoring Application,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> which is a digital platform for inspection management, maintenance tracking and data-driven monitoring.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The programme significantly <\/span><b>improved dam safety practices and institutional capacity.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>DRIP Phase II and III<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The second and third phases of the programme became operational in <\/span><b>October 2021.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Together, they <\/span><b>cover 736 dams across 19 states and three central agencies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, namely the Central Water Commission, the Bhakra Beas Management Board and the Damodar Valley Corporation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The total financial outlay of the programme is \u20b910,211 crore.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is jointly financed by the World Bank and the <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/asian-infrastructure-investment-bank-aiib\/\" target=\"_blank\">Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Around \u20b97,000 crore is financed through external loans while participating states and agencies contribute \u20b93,211 crore.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Major dams undergoing rehabilitation under the programme include<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the Bhakra Dam, Ranjit Sagar Dam, Nagarjuna Sagar Dam, Gandhi Sagar Dam and several others across the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As of March 2025, rehabilitation proposals for 191 dams worth more than \u20b95,053 crore had been approved. Major rehabilitation work had already been completed at 43 dams.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The second and third phases <\/span><b>focus on rehabilitation of dams and associated structures, institutional strengthening, revenue generation for sustainable maintenance and effective project management.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Dam Safety Act, 2021<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A major institutional reform in India\u2019s dam safety governance came with the enactment of the <\/span><b>Dam Safety Act, 2021, which came into force on 30 December 2021.\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Act <\/span><b>provides a comprehensive legal framework for surveillance, inspection, operation and maintenance of specified dams across the country.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Act defines a specified dam as a dam above 15 metres in height or a dam between 10 and 15 metres<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> fulfilling prescribed technical conditions.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The legislation transformed dam safety from an advisory mechanism into a legally enforceable framework with clearly defined obligations and timelines.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Act <\/span><b>created a four-tier institutional structure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> comprising the National Committee on Dam Safety, the National Dam Safety Authority, State Committees on Dam Safety and State Dam Safety Organisations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>National Committee on Dam Safety<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> acts as the apex policy-making body responsible for formulating dam safety standards and recommending regulations. Since its constitution in February 2022, it has played an important role in strengthening the regulatory framework for dam safety.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>National Dam Safety Authority <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">functions as the implementing and regulatory body responsible for ensuring compliance with national standards and policies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the state level, all 31 dam-owning states have established <\/span><b>State Dam Safety Organisations <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">responsible for inspections, monitoring, surveillance and compliance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Act mandates several safety measures including <\/span><b>regular inspections, instrumentation systems, inflow forecasting, risk assessment studies, Emergency Action Plans, integrated reservoir operations and early warning systems.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It also requires dam owners to allocate adequate funds for maintenance and repairs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The legislation also includes provisions related to offences and penalties. <\/span><b>Any obstruction or refusal to comply with directions issued under the Act can result in imprisonment, fines or both.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If <\/span><b>negligence leads to loss of lives or creates imminent danger, punishment may extend to two years of imprisonment.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Digital Monitoring and Technological Reforms<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Technology has become a central pillar of India\u2019s evolving dam safety framework.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Dam Health and Rehabilitation Monitoring Application<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> now hosts data related to all 6,628 specified dams in the country. It enables <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">digital inspection records, maintenance tracking and safety assessments.<\/span><\/i><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Authorities conduct nearly 13,000 dam inspections annually, and the records are maintained digitally through the platform.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Rapid Risk Screening exercises using web-based assessment tools <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">have been completed for 5,553 dams <\/span><b>to identify vulnerabilities and prioritise rehabilitation.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The government is also strengthening <\/span><b>hydro-meteorological stations, seismological stations, instrumentation systems and early warning mechanisms for real-time monitoring and disaster preparedness.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>20 regulations under the Dam Safety Act<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have already been published in the Official Gazette to standardise dam safety practices across the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Capacity Building and Research<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India is also investing in <\/span><b>technical expertise and scientific research <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to improve dam resilience and risk management.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>National Centre for Earthquake Safety of Dams<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is being established at the Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Specialised Centres of Excellence on dam safety<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are being developed at the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee and the Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These institutions focus on seismic hazard mapping, reservoir sedimentation studies, advanced rehabilitation technologies, material testing and comprehensive risk assessment.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition, <\/span><b>Master of Technology programmes on dam safety<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have been introduced at the Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee and the Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru since the academic session 2021\u201322.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Responsibilities of Dam Owners<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Dam Safety Act places significant responsibilities on dam owners, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">including central governments, state governments, public sector undertakings, private companies and local authorities.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dam owners are required to establish dedicated dam safety units, conduct pre-monsoon and post-monsoon inspections, prepare Emergency Action Plans, allocate maintenance funds and undertake periodic safety evaluations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Act also mandates installation of instrumentation systems, establishment of hydro-meteorological stations and implementation of early warning systems.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the inspection framework introduced in April 2024, dams are classified into three categories based on their risk levels.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Category I dams indicate critical deficiencies requiring urgent intervention.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Category II includes dams with major deficiencies requiring prompt corrective action.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Category III covers dams with minor or no deficiencies.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to post-monsoon inspections conducted in 2025, three dams were categorised under Category I and 188 dams under Category II.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Challenges in India\u2019s Dam Safety Framework<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite major reforms, several challenges continue to affect dam safety in India.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A large number of dams were constructed several decades ago using <\/span><b>engineering standards that<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> may <\/span><b>not adequately address present-day climatic and hydrological conditions.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Climate change <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is increasing the frequency of extreme rainfall events, thereby placing additional stress on ageing infrastructure.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Sedimentation continues <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to reduce reservoir capacity and affects irrigation as well as hydropower generation.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Financial constraints<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> also create difficulties for states in undertaking large-scale rehabilitation work.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Institutional coordination <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">among multiple agencies <\/span><b>remains another challenge.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In several regions, <\/span><b>disaster preparedness mechanisms and community awareness regarding dam-related risks are still inadequate.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Way Forward<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India must adopt a lifecycle-based approach towards dam management with greater emphasis on resilience, safety and sustainability.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Structural audits and scientific risk assessments s<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hould be conducted regularly.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Real-time monitoring systems, artificial intelligence, remote sensing and Geographic Information Systems <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">should be integrated into dam management practices.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is also a need to <\/span><b>strengthen coordination among states<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, improve evacuation planning and enhance public awareness regarding disaster preparedness.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Capacity building and advanced research<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in seismic safety, reservoir sedimentation and rehabilitation technologies must continue to receive policy attention.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These reforms can significantly improve infrastructure resilience, reduce disaster risks and ensure the long-term sustainability of critical water resources that support agriculture, industry and urban development across the country.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Read about Dam Safety Framework in India including DRIP, Dam Safety Act 2021, ageing dams, digital monitoring, and steps to strengthen water security.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":104003,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[786],"tags":[7603],"class_list":{"0":"post-104043","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-general-studies","8":"tag-dam-safety-framework-in-india","9":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104043","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=104043"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104043\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":104049,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104043\/revisions\/104049"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/104003"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=104043"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=104043"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=104043"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}