{"id":104461,"date":"2026-05-21T17:18:10","date_gmt":"2026-05-21T11:48:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=104461"},"modified":"2026-05-21T17:18:10","modified_gmt":"2026-05-21T11:48:10","slug":"evergreen-revolution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/evergreen-revolution\/","title":{"rendered":"Evergreen Revolution, Meaning, Features, Importance, Challenges in India"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Evergreen Revolution refers to an approach in agriculture that aims to increase food production in a sustainable and long-lasting way without harming the environment. It focuses on using natural resources wisely so that farming can continue productively for future generations.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Background Evergreen Revolution<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The idea of the Evergreen Revolution developed as a response to the earlier <\/span><b>Green Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> During that time, countries like <\/span><b>India, Mexico, and the Philippines<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> were facing serious food shortages.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/green-revolution-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Green Revolution<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> brought <\/span><b>major changes in agriculture<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by introducing <\/span><b>high-yielding seeds (HYVs)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, increased use of chemical <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/fertiliser-industry-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\">fertilizers<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and pesticides, better irrigation systems, and modern machines. This helped in rapidly increasing food production and made many countries self-sufficient in food.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although it solved the problem of hunger, <\/span><b>over time several serious environmental problems began to appear:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Soil started <\/span><b>losing its natural fertility<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Excessive use of water led to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/sustainability-of-groundwater-increased-rainfall-alone-will-not-help-groundwater-recovery\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>groundwater depletion<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Overuse of chemicals caused <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/environmental-pollution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>pollution<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Growing only a few crops (monoculture) <\/span><b>reduced <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/biodiversity\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>biodiversity<\/b><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To overcome these issues, agricultural scientist <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/ms-swaminathan\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>M. S. Swaminathan<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> introduced the concept of the <\/span><b>Evergreen Revolution.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">He defined it as <\/span><b>increasing agricultural production continuously without causing harm to the <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/environment\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>environment<\/b><\/a><b> or society.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Evergreen Revolution does not reject the achievements of the Green Revolution but <\/span><b>aims to improve and make them sustainable in the long run.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Core Idea Behind Evergreen Revolution<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The main goal is <\/span><b>to ensure that agriculture remains productive, environmentally safe, and sustainable for future generations.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It focuses on a <\/span><b>balanced approach<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> where growth in food production goes hand in hand with conservation of natural resources.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Key Drivers of Evergreen Revolution<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Ecological Sustainability<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Encourages farming <\/span><b>methods that protect nature<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Promotes <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/organic-farming\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>organic farming<\/b><\/a><b>,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> natural fertilizers, and reduced use of harmful chemicals<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Helps in <\/span><b>maintaining <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/soil-fertility\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>soil fertility<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and protecting ecosystems<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Efficient Use of Resources<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aims to produce <\/span><b>more output using fewer resources<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Promotes<\/span><b> better use of water<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (like drip irrigation), land, and energy<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Reduces wastage and increases efficiency<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in farming practices<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Climate Resilience<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Focuses on crops that <\/span><b>can survive <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/climate-change\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>climate change<\/b><\/a><b> and extreme weather conditions<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Helps farmers adapt<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to problems like droughts, floods, and temperature changes<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Nutritional Security<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Moves beyond just producing enough food to <\/span><b>ensuring healthy and nutritious food<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Encourages <\/span><b>cultivation of diverse crops<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like millets, pulses, fruits, and vegetables instead of only wheat and rice<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Objectives of Evergreen Revolution<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Evergreen Revolution aims to <\/span><b>increase <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/agricultural-inputs-and-productivity\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>agricultural productivity<\/b><\/a><b> while protecting natural resources<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/soils-of-india\/\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>soil<\/strong><\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, water, and biodiversity, ensuring long-term sustainability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It <\/span><b>promotes environment-friendly farming methods<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> such as organic farming, bio-fertilizers, and integrated pest management to reduce dependence on harmful chemicals.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A key objective is to <\/span><b>ensure food and nutritional security,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> focusing not just on enough food but also on healthy and diverse diets.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It seeks to<\/span><b> empower small and marginal farmers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by improving access to technology, knowledge, markets, and fair prices, thereby helping to increase their incomes and living standards.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>approach encourages efficient use of resources<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like water and land through <\/span><b>modern techniques <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">such as drip irrigation, rainwater harvesting, and precision farming.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It <\/span><b>focuses on climate-resilient agriculture,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> promoting crops and practices that can withstand changing weather conditions like droughts and floods.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It <\/span><b>supports crop diversification,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> encouraging farmers to grow a variety of crops, including high-value and nutritious crops, instead of relying only on a few staples.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It also emphasizes the <\/span><b>use of modern technology and digital tools (ICT)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to provide farmers with information about weather, prices, and farming practices for better decision-making.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Key Features of Evergreen Revolution<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Evergreen Revolution focuses on <\/span><b>sustainable farming, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">where soil health, water conservation, and protection of biodiversity are given top priority <\/span><b>to ensure long-term productivity.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It promotes<\/span><b> eco-friendly agricultural practices<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> such as organic fertilizers, bio-pesticides, crop rotation, and reduced use of harmful chemicals to maintain ecological balance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A key feature is the <\/span><b>use of modern technology, including biotechnology, information technology, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and tools like remote sensing, to make farming more precise and efficient.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It emphasizes <\/span><b>climate-resilient agriculture, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">encouraging methods like agroforestry, conservation farming, and water-saving techniques (such as drip irrigation) to deal with climate change and extreme weather.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The approach <\/span><b>supports efficient water management,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> including rainwater harvesting and proper use of water resources, instead of over-exploiting groundwater.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It promotes <\/span><b>nutritional security by encouraging the cultivation of a variety of crops<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> such as millets, pulses, fruits, and vegetables, rather than focusing only on cereals.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Evergreen Revolution is inclusive in nature,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> giving importance to small and marginal farmers, as well as women farmers, by improving their access to technology, training, and market opportunities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It <\/span><b>encourages active participation of farmers in decision-making, innovation, and resource management,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> making them key stakeholders in agricultural development.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another important feature is <\/span><b>balanced and equitable growth, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ensuring that the benefits of agricultural progress reach all sections of society.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Components of Evergreen Revolution<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Evergreen Revolution is built on a combination of sustainable practices, modern technology, and farmer-focused development to improve agriculture in a balanced way.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Sustainable Resource Management<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Focuses on improving <\/span><b>soil health and fertility through organic manures,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> crop rotation, and proper residue management.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Encourages <\/span><b>efficient use of water<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by adopting methods like drip irrigation, rainwater harvesting, and watershed management instead of overusing groundwater.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Promotes <\/span><b>agroforestry and mixed farming, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">which help maintain ecological balance, reduce soil erosion, and improve biodiversity.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Scientific and Technological Innovation<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uses <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/biotechnology\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>biotechnology<\/b><\/a><b> and improved seeds<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (including high-yielding and pest-resistant varieties) to increase productivity in a sustainable way.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Applies modern tools like GIS, remote sensing, and precision farming<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for better crop monitoring and decision-making.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Encourages the use of <\/span><b>renewable energy and climate-smart practices<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to make farming more efficient and environmentally friendly.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Diversification of Agriculture<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Promotes a <\/span><b>shift from monoculture<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (single crop farming) to multi-cropping, including pulses, oilseeds, fruits, vegetables, and millets.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supports <\/span><b>integrated farming systems,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> where crops are combined with livestock, fisheries, and horticulture to increase income and reduce risks.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Ecological and Climate-Focused Practices<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Encourages biodiversity conservation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by protecting traditional seed varieties and promoting diverse cropping patterns.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Promotes integrated pest management (IPM)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> using natural methods instead of heavy chemical use.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Supports climate-resilient agriculture<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with drought-resistant and flood-tolerant crops.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Human and Institutional Development<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Focuses on training and educating farmers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> through extension services, farmer field schools, and<\/span><b> \u201clab-to-land\u201d demonstrations.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Strengthens farmer groups, cooperatives, and self-help groups<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to improve access to resources, markets, and knowledge.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aims to <\/span><b>empower small and marginal farmers,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ensuring inclusive growth and better livelihoods.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Policy Support and Governance<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Requires <\/span><b>supportive government policies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like fair pricing, subsidies, and market reforms to encourage sustainable farming.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Promotes public-private partnerships<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for better research, infrastructure, and technology distribution.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Relevance of Evergreen Revolution in Indian Agriculture<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Evergreen Revolution is very important for India because the country has a large and growing population, while farmland is decreasing and natural resources are under pressure.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Tackling Major Agricultural Problems<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Helps deal with issues like<\/span><b> overuse of groundwater and chemical fertilisers, which harm the environment.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Addresses<\/span><b> declining soil fertility and falling productivity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> over time.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provides solutions to c<\/span><b>limate-related problems<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> such as droughts, floods, and unpredictable rainfall.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aims to <\/span><b>reduce inequality in agriculture,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> so that small farmers also benefit, not just large ones.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Focus on Sustainable Growth<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Encourages increasing food production<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> without damaging natural resources like soil and water.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Promotes farming methods that are eco-friendly and long-lasting,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> instead of short-term gains.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Climate-Resilient Agriculture<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supports <\/span><b>the use of drought-resistant and flood-tolerant crops<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to handle changing weather conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Improves water management<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> through better irrigation and watershed practices.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Improving Soil Health and Ecology<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Works towards restoring soil by using <\/span><b>organic methods, crop rotation, and agroforestry.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reduces dependence on harmful chemicals through natural pest control methods (IPM).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Helps maintain ecological balance and biodiversity.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Ensuring Nutritional Security<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Goes beyond just producing more food by <\/span><b>focusing on nutritious crops.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Promotes biofortified and diverse crops to fight malnutrition in India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Efficient Use of Resources<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Encourages smart farming techniques<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like drip irrigation and rainwater harvesting.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Focuses on getting more output from less land and water, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">which is crucial for India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Improving Farmers\u2019 Livelihoods<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Helps farmers by reducing input costs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and increasing income through diversified farming.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Provides <\/span><b>better access to technology, knowledge, and markets.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supports <\/span><b>long-term rural development and stability.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Role of Vision and Government Initiatives<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The idea was strongly promoted by Dr. M. S. Swaminathan, who called for a sustainable<\/span><b> \u201cSecond <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/green-revolution-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\">Green Revolution<\/a>.\u201d <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Government programs like:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/national-mission-for-sustainable-agriculture\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture<\/b><\/a><b> (NMSA)<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) (organic farming)<\/b><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/pradhan-mantri-krishi-sinchayee-yojana-pmksy\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana<\/b><\/a><b> (PMKSY)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (irrigation and water use) follow the same principles of sustainability.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Roadmap for Evergreen Revolution by NITI Aayog<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The NITI Aayog prepared a <\/span><b>three-year plan to improve agriculture with a focus on better farmer income and higher productivity.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The plan <\/span><b>promotes fair and remunerative prices<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to ensure farmers get proper returns for their produce.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/national-food-security-mission\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>National Food Security Mission<\/b><\/a><b> (NFSM-Pulses)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> aims to increase pulses production through better farming practices and improved seeds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Farmers are supported with<\/span><b> high-yielding varieties (HYVs), modern techniques, and training to boost productivity.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">New steps like seed <\/span><b>hubs, breeder seed production, and minikit distribution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> help improve seed quality and availability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><b> Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> focuses on using wasteland and rainfed areas through better irrigation and water management.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Seed Village Programme<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> encourages farmers to use and produce quality seeds locally with financial support.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Farmers receive subsidies on seeds (50-60%)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to make high-quality seeds affordable.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The programme also promotes <\/span><b>certified seed production, especially for pulses, oilseeds, and fodder crops.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Financial assistance up to 75%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is provided for producing certified seeds to improve crop output.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><b> Model Contract Farming Act <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">aims to create fair agreements between farmers and buyers, ensuring better market access.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These <\/span><b>schemes are demand-driven, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">meaning they are implemented based on farmers\u2019 needs at the local level.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State governments and agencies play an important role in <\/span><b>executing and managing these programs.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The overall goal is to achieve sustainable agricultural growth, improve farmer livelihoods, and ensure food and nutritional security in the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Challenges of Evergreen Revolution<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>High initial cost of adopting modern and sustainable technologies <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">makes it difficult for small and marginal farmers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Lack of awareness and training among farmers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> about eco-friendly practices and new techniques slows down adoption.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Limited access to quality seeds and technology,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> especially in remote and rural areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Overdependence on traditional methods<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> makes farmers hesitant to shift to new sustainable practices.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Water scarcity and poor irrigation facilities<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> continue to affect implementation in many regions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Climate change impacts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like irregular rainfall, droughts, and floods create uncertainty in farming.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Declining soil health<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> due to past excessive use of chemicals makes recovery slow and challenging.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Weak market linkages and lack of proper pricing systems<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> reduce farmers\u2019 motivation to adopt sustainable farming.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fragmented landholdings<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in India make it difficult to implement large-scale modern practices efficiently.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Insufficient institutional<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> support such as extension services and financial assistance in some areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Policy implementation gaps<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> between central plans and ground-level execution reduce effectiveness.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Balancing productivity with sustainability<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> remains a challenge, as farmers often prefer short-term gains over long-term benefits.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Limited research and innovation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> reach at the grassroots level slows progress.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Socio-economic inequalities<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> prevent equal benefits for all farmers, especially smallholders and women farmers.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Difference Between Green Revolution and Evergreen Revolution<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Green Revolution and the Evergreen Revolution are two important approaches in the development of agriculture. The key differences between these two approaches are discussed below.<\/span><\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 99.2058%; height: 561px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 51px;\">\n<p><b>Aspect<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 51px;\">\n<p><b>Green Revolution<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"text-align: center; height: 51px;\">\n<p><b>Evergreen Revolution<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><b>Main Focus<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Focused on <\/span><b>increasing crop production quickly<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, especially food grains.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Focuses on <\/span><b>increasing production in a sustainable and eco-friendly way<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><b>Approach<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Relied heavily on <\/span><b>chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uses a <\/span><b>balanced mix of organic methods and modern science<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><b>Impact on Environment<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Led to <\/span><b>soil degradation, water depletion, and pollution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> over time.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aims at <\/span><b>protecting and improving soil, water, and biodiversity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><b>Type of Farming<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Encouraged <\/span><b>monoculture<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (growing one crop repeatedly).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Promotes <\/span><b>diversified farming<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with multiple crops and systems.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><b>Beneficiaries<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mostly benefited <\/span><b>large and resource-rich farmers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Designed to support <\/span><b>small and marginal farmers as well<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><b>Technology Used<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Based on <\/span><b>HYV seeds, fertilizers, and irrigation systems<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Uses <\/span><b>biotechnology, IT tools, renewable energy, and climate-smart practices<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><b>Water Usage<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Required <\/span><b>large amounts of water<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, often leading to overuse.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Encourages <\/span><b>efficient water use<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like drip irrigation and rainwater harvesting.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><b>Soil Health<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Often ignored long-term soil health, causing <\/span><b>fertility loss<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Focuses on <\/span><b>improving and maintaining soil fertility naturally<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><b>Sustainability<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More <\/span><b>short-term productivity oriented<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Focuses on <\/span><b>long-term sustainability and resilience<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><b>Goal<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Achieve <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/food-security-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>food security<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (enough food production).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"height: 51px;\">\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Achieve <\/span><b>sustainable food and nutritional security<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for future generations.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Evergreen Revolution aims to increase farm productivity through sustainable methods that protect soil, water, biodiversity and ensure long term food security.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":104455,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[786],"tags":[5104,5105,7655],"class_list":{"0":"post-104461","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-general-studies","8":"tag-economy","9":"tag-economy-notes","10":"tag-evergreen-revolution","11":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104461","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=104461"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104461\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":104469,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104461\/revisions\/104469"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/104455"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=104461"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=104461"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=104461"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}