{"id":104582,"date":"2026-05-22T15:40:22","date_gmt":"2026-05-22T10:10:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=104582"},"modified":"2026-05-22T15:40:22","modified_gmt":"2026-05-22T10:10:22","slug":"demographic-transition-theory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/demographic-transition-theory\/","title":{"rendered":"Demographic Transition Theory, Stages, Features, India\u2019s Profile"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Demographic Transition Theory is a simple way to understand how a country\u2019s population changes over time as it develops. It explains how birth rates and death rates gradually shift due to improvements in factors like healthcare, education, and living conditions. In general, societies move from having high birth and death rates to lower and more stable population growth as they progress economically and socially.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>About Demographic Transition Theory<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Demographic Transition Theory explains how a country\u2019s <\/span><b>population changes over time as it develops economically and socially.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The idea was first introduced by <\/span><b>Warren S. Thompson (1929)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and later explained in detail by<\/span><b> Frank W. Notestein (1945).<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It mainly studies changes in<\/span><b> birth rates, death rates, and overall population growth.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The theory is based on the experience of European countries, where these changes started around the late 18th century.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is not a fixed rule but a general model used to understand <\/span><b>population trends in different countries.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to this theory, societies move from a<\/span><b> rural and agricultural stage to a more urban, industrial, and modern stage,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and this shift changes population patterns.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the early stage, <\/span><b>both birth rates and death rates are high,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> so population growth is slow.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As development begins, <\/span><b>death rates start to fall<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> first due to better healthcare, sanitation, and food supply.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After some time, birth rates also begin to decline, leading to slower population growth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Eventually, <\/span><b>both birth and death rates become low and stable,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> resulting in little or no population growth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The theory also shows that population changes are closely linked with social and economic development like <\/span><b>education, <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/urbanization\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>urbanization<\/b><\/a><b>, and improved living standards.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Stages of Demographic Transition<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Pre-Transition Stage:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> High birth and death rates with very slow population growth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Early Expanding Stage:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Birth rates remain high, but death rates fall, causing rapid population growth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Late Expanding Stage:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Birth rates start declining along with low death rates, so growth begins to slow.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Low Stationary Stage: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both birth and death rates are low, leading to stable population growth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Declining Stage (in some models):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Birth rates fall below death rates, causing a decline in population.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>First Stage of Demographic Transition<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The features of the first stage of the Demographic Transition Theory are highlighted as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><b> first stage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is called the <\/span><b>stage of high birth rate and high death rate,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> where population growth remains <\/span><b>slow and nearly stable.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Countries in this stage are at a very <\/span><b>low level of development,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with most people depending on <\/span><b>traditional agriculture<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and living a subsistence lifestyle with little or no surplus.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>standard of living is poor, with low income, low productivity, and limited use of modern technology;<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> most people are illiterate and live in rural areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Medical facilities are<\/span><b> inadequate, leading to frequent diseases, epidemics, famine, hunger, and poor sanitation, which keep the<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> death rate very high and life expectancy low.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At the same time, <\/span><b>birth rates remain high due to social and economic reasons<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> such as early marriages, lack of education, and the need for more working hands, making large families common and useful.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>population structure shows many young people and very few elderly,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with a broad-based <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/population-pyramid\/\" target=\"_blank\">population pyramid<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Society is largely traditional and influenced by religious beliefs,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with very little urbanization.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Around 200 years ago, <\/span><b>almost all countries were in this stage,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> while today only a few countries like Sierra Leone and Somalia show similar characteristics.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also read: <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/social-issues-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\">Social Issues in India<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><b>Second Stage of Demographic Transition<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The features of the second stage of the Demographic Transition Theory are highlighted as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The second stage is known as the <\/span><b>stage of high birth rate and low death rate, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">often called the <\/span><b>population explosion stage, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">where population grows very rapidly.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>death rate falls quickly<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> due to improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and food supply, which <\/span><b>increases life expectancy and reduces deaths from diseases.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>birth rate remains high in the beginning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> because of traditional beliefs, low awareness, and limited use of contraceptives, but it starts declining gradually over time.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><b> wide gap between high birth rates and low death rates<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> leads to a very high natural increase in population.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>population pyramid expands rapidly at the base, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">showing a large number of children and young people, along with a decline in infant mortality.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Economic conditions begin to improve, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">with rising incomes and a shift from a rural agricultural society to a more urban and industrial one.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Modernization<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> increases, including better education, healthcare, and living standards, and large families slowly become less important.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This stage has two phases:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Early phase:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> High birth rate and sharply falling death rate<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Later phase: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Birth rate begins to fall while death rate remains low<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Population growth is very fast<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at first but slows down gradually towards the end of this stage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Today, many developing countries such as India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Kenya, Indonesia, Malaysia, Iran, and Yemen are in this stage.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Third Stage of Demographic Transition<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The features of the third stage of the Demographic Transition Theory are highlighted as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The third stage is marked by a <\/span><b>declining birth rate and a low death rate,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> leading to <\/span><b>slow and stable population growth.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As <\/span><b>countries develop economically and urbanization increases, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">people begin to prefer smaller families, seeing large families as a burden.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Birth rates fall rapidly,<\/b> <b>while death rates remain low,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> reducing the gap between the two and slowing population growth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and living conditions keep <\/span><b>death rates low and increase life expectancy.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/women-empowerment\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Women Empowerment<\/b><\/a><b> through education and employment opportunities improved,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> leading to delayed marriages and fewer children.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Greater awareness and access to family planning methods<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> further reduce <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/fertility-rate-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\">fertility rates<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>The society becomes more urban, industrial, and modern,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> moving away from traditional agricultural systems.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>The population structure becomes more balanced,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with a rising number of older people and a stationary population pyramid.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Economic growth<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> leads to higher incomes, reduced poverty, and better standards of living, along with improved and diverse food choices.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This stage provides an opportunity for countries to build a strong and stable economic base.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Countries like India, Mexico, South Africa, UAE, and several European nations are currently in this stage.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Fourth Stage of Demographic Transition<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The features of the fourth stage of the Demographic Transition Theory are highlighted as follows:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The<\/span><b> fourth stage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is known as the<\/span><b> stage of low birth rate and low death rate,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> where population becomes stable or grows very slowly.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Due to <\/span><b>rapid economic development,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the standard of living is high, and people focus more on quality of life rather than large family size.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both<\/span><b> birth rate and death rate remain low,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the birth rate is almost equal to the death rate, leading to population stabilization.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>fertility rate is low,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> usually around or below the <\/span><b>replacement level (about 2.1).<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Life expectancy is high, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and the number of elderly people increases due to better medical facilities, technological progress, and government support systems.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>population pyramid becomes contracting, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">showing fewer children and more older people.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Society becomes highly urbanized, educated, and technologically advanced, and people deliberately control family size.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This stage creates an<\/span><b> ideal condition for economic development<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> due to a stable population and better resources.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Countries in this stage include China, Argentina, Canada, Australia, Brazil, Singapore, and most European countries.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Demographic Profile of India<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>demographic profile of India <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">shows details about its <\/span><b>population like age, sex, place of living, structure, and distribution.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Population growth plays a key role in shaping it.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>India <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is one of the most populous countries in the world. Its growth rate was <\/span><b>2.15% (1991-2001)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and later <\/span><b>decreased to 1.64% (2001-2011).<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India has only <\/span><b>2.4% of the world\u2019s land area<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> but supports about <\/span><b>16.7% of the world\u2019s population,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> which shows high population pressure.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although the population is large, only one-third are working people, while two-thirds are dependents, which affects economic development.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>India is the 7th largest country in area,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> but in terms of population, it has become the <\/span><b>largest country (by 2023).<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Population has generally increased over time, except in <\/span><b>1921, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">when a <\/span><b>negative growth rate was recorded (called the demographic divide).<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before the 20th century, population growth was slow, but it started increasing rapidly later.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>India\u2019s population history is divided into four phases:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stagnant Population (1901-1921)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Steady Growth (1921-1951)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rapid High Growth (1951-1981)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High Growth with Slowing Down (post 1981)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Phase of Stagnant Population (1901-1921)<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Population growth was very slow and irregular<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> because the high birth rate was balanced by high death rate.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Death rate was very high<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> due to diseases like influenza, plague, cholera, smallpox, along with famines and poor food supply caused by droughts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>1921 recorded a negative growth rate (-0.31%),<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the only time in India\u2019s history, so it is called the demographic divide.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deaths also increased due to World War I (1914-1918).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Phase of Steady Growth (1921-1951)<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>population started growing steadily <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">due to a decline in the death rate, while birth rate remained high.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Improvements in healthcare, sanitation, water supply, and transport helped control diseases and reduce deaths.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Death rate dropped from 47 to 27 per thousand,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> while birth rate stayed high (around 40 per thousand).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Growth during this phase is called <\/span><b>mortality-induced growth<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (growth due to falling death rate).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Phase of Rapid High Growth (1951-1981)<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The population increased very rapidly,<\/span><b> from 361 million (1951) to 683 million (1981).<\/b><\/li>\n<li><b>Death rate declined sharply<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> due to better medical facilities, but birth rate decreased only slightly, leading to a population explosion.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This created a large gap between birth and death rates, causing fast population growth.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Phase of High Growth with Slowing Down (post 1981)<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The population continued to grow, but the <\/span><b>growth rate started declining.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The total population <\/span><b>increased by about 34.37 crore in 20 years,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> but the annual growth rate fell from <\/span><b>2.2% (1981) to 1.93% (2001).<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This phase shows clear signs of slowing population growth, although the population size is still increasing rapidly.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also Read : <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/indias-demographic-dividend\/\" target=\"_blank\">Demographic Dividend<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><b>Criticism of Demographic Transition Theory<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Demographic Transition Theory has been criticised for the below discussed reasons:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The theory is mainly based on the experience of <\/span><b>Western countries like Europe, America, and Australia,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> so it may not fully apply to all countries, especially developing ones.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is not a perfect predictive theory, as it <\/span><b>cannot clearly tell how or when a country will move from one stage to another.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>stages are not always followed in a fixed order. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some countries have shown unexpected changes, like rising death rates due to political or economic problems.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The theory<\/span><b> does not clearly explain why birth rates fall,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and it ignores many important factors like culture, traditions, and personal choices.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It also <\/span><b>does not give a proper time frame,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> so we cannot say how long each stage will last in different countries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>role of technology and medical advancements is not fully considered,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> even though they can quickly reduce death rates and change population patterns.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It does not fully fit developing countries, where death rates have fallen rapidly but birth rates remain high, causing sudden population growth.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>theory ignores social factors<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like women\u2019s education, empowerment, and government policies, which strongly influence population changes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It also <\/span><b>overlooks migration, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">which can significantly affect population size and structure.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Demographic Transition Theory explains stages of population growth, changing birth and death rates, India\u2019s demographic profile, features, criticism and trends.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":104454,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[786],"tags":[7669,5104,5105],"class_list":{"0":"post-104582","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-general-studies","8":"tag-demographic-transition-theory","9":"tag-economy","10":"tag-economy-notes","11":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104582","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=104582"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104582\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":104587,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104582\/revisions\/104587"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/104454"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=104582"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=104582"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=104582"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}