{"id":105085,"date":"2026-05-25T18:01:11","date_gmt":"2026-05-25T12:31:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=105085"},"modified":"2026-05-25T18:01:11","modified_gmt":"2026-05-25T12:31:11","slug":"article-246-of-the-indian-constitution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-246-of-the-indian-constitution\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 246 of the Indian Constitution, Provisions, Amendments"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Article 246 of the Constitution of India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a key provision that defines how law-making powers are divided between the Union and the States. The core purpose of Article 246 of the constitution is to avoid conflict between Parliament and State Legislatures by clearly demarcating their areas of law-making authority. It strengthens cooperative federalism by balancing unity and diversity within the Indian constitutional system.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>About Article 246 of the Constitution of India<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>Article 246 of the Constitution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> deals with the <\/span><b>distribution of legislative powers between Parliament and State Legislatures.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It is based on the <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/7th-schedule-of-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Seventh Schedule of the constitution<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which contains three lists: the Union List (List I), the State List (List II), and the Concurrent List (List III).<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Article 246 of the Constitution of India Provisions\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>Article 246(1)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of the Constitution provides that, notwithstanding anything contained in clauses (2) and (3), Parliament has exclusive power to make laws with respect to matters enumerated in List I (Union List) of the Seventh Schedule.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Union List (List I)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Union List contains <\/span><b>subjects of national and international importance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that require a uniform legal framework throughout the country. These matters are placed under the exclusive jurisdiction of Parliament to ensure consistency in policy-making and implementation across all States. This arrangement enables the Union government to address issues related to sovereignty, security, and national integrity in a coordinated and effective manner, where uniformity of law is essential. <\/span><b>Major Subjects in the Union List include:\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defence of India<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Armed forces<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Foreign affairs<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Diplomatic relations<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">War and peace<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/citizenship\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Citizenship<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Railways<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Airways<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National highways<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shipping and navigation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Posts and telegraphs<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Telephones and wireless communication<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Banking<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Insurance<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Currency and coinage<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Foreign exchange<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Atomic energy<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Space research<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Census<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/election-commission-of-india-eci\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Election Commission<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inter-State trade and commerce<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stock exchanges<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Income tax<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Customs duties<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Corporation tax<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Concurrent List (List III)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under <\/span><b>Article 246(2) of the Constitution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>both Parliament and State Legislatures can make laws on subjects in the Concurrent List<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. In case of conflict between a Central law and a State law on the same subject, the law made by Parliament prevails. This principle is known as the <\/span><b>doctrine of repugnancy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Concurrent List reflects <\/span><b>cooperative federalism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, where both levels of government can legislate, but national interest is protected through <\/span><b>Parliamentary supremacy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in case of conflict. <\/span><b>Major Subjects in the Concurrent List include:\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Criminal law<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Criminal procedure<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Marriage and divorce<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bankruptcy and insolvency<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Education<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Forests<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Protection of wild animals and birds<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Electricity<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Labour welfare<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trade unions<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Population control<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Economic and social planning<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drugs and poisons<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Newspapers and printing presses<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Civil procedure<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prevention of cruelty to animals<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>State List (List II)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under <\/span><b>Article 246(3)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the <\/span><b>State Legislature has exclusive power to make laws on matters listed in the State List, in normal circumstances<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This ensures that States can independently legislate on subjects of regional and local importance and address their specific governance needs. However, this power is not absolute, as it remains <\/span><b>subject to the supremacy of Parliament under clauses (1) and (2)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which helps maintain coordination and balance within India\u2019s federal structure. <\/span><b>Major Subjects in the State List:\u00a0<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Public order<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Police<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Public health and sanitation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hospitals<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Agriculture<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Irrigation<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fisheries<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Markets and fairs<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Betting and gambling<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Land rights<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Land revenue<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Local government<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Panchayats<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Burial grounds<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Libraries<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">State public services<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prisons<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Roads and transport<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water supply<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pilgrimages within the state<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Parliamentary Power over State Territories<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><b>Article 246(4)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> provides that <\/span><b>Parliament can make laws for any part of the territory of India not included in a State. This provision primarily covers Union Territories and other centrally administered regions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.This means that even on subjects listed in the State List, Parliament can legislate for Union Territories. In Union Territories where a legislature exists, the elected legislature can make laws on subjects similar to a State List, but its authority is limited and subject to the powers of Parliament. Parliament can still legislate on any subject for these Union Territories, and in case of conflict, Parliamentary law prevails.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Article 246 of the Constitution Major Amendments<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Originally, the Constitution contained 97 subjects in the Union List, 66 subjects in the State List and 47 subjects in the Concurrent List. Over time, constitutional amendments have altered this distribution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/42nd-constitutional-amendment-act\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 <\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">transferred important subjects such as <\/span><b>education, forests, weights and measures, and protection of wildlife<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from the State List to the Concurrent List. This expanded the scope of Parliamentary legislation under Article 246(2) and reduced the exclusive domain of States under Article 246(3).<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Residuary Powers<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Constitution vests <\/span><b>residuary legislative powers in Parliament under Article 248, read with Entry 97 of the Union List<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It provides that Parliament has the exclusive authority to legislate on matters which are not enumerated in the State List or the Concurrent List.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This provision ensures that emerging and unforeseen subjects of legislation remain within the Union\u2019s domain. It has become particularly significant in the context of modern governance involving areas such as cyberspace, artificial intelligence, data protection, biotechnology, and space law.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Doctrine of Pith and Substance<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Doctrine of Pith and Substance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is used by courts to resolve conflicts when a law appears to fall under more than one legislative list under Article 246 of the Constitution and the Seventh Schedule. It states that the true nature of the law must be examined. If the law falls substantially within the competence of a legislature, it remains valid even if it incidentally encroaches upon another list.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the <\/span><b>State of Rajasthan v. G. Chawla (1959)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the Supreme Court upheld the validity of State legislation by applying the doctrine of pith and substance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In <\/span><b>ITC Ltd. v. Agricultural Produce Market Committee (2002),<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the Supreme Court elaborated the doctrine of pith and substance and clarified that legislative entries must be interpreted in a flexible manner to avoid unnecessary conflicts. The judgement ensured harmonious construction between Union and State legislative powers under Article 246.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Doctrine of Colourable Legislation<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This doctrine means that what cannot be done directly cannot be done indirectly. If a legislature transgresses its constitutional limits by disguising its true intent, the law is declared invalid.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It acts as a constitutional safeguard ensuring that Article 246 is not violated in substance under the guise of legislative competence.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Constitutional Exceptions to the Distribution of Legislative Powers<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although Article 246 lays down the general framework of legislative distribution between the Union and the States, the Constitution also provides certain exceptional situations where Parliament can legislate on State List subjects. These provisions reflect the flexible and dynamic nature of Indian federalism.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Article 249: Rajya Sabha Resolution in National Interest<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When the Rajya Sabha passes a resolution by a <\/span><b>two-thirds majority of members present and voting<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, declaring that it is necessary in the <\/span><b>national interest<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for Parliament to legislate on a State List subject, Parliament becomes competent to do so.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Such a resolution remains valid for <\/span><b>one year at a time and can be renewed repeatedly<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. However, the laws made under this provision cease to operate <\/span><b>six months after the resolution expires.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Importantly, this <\/span><b>does not restrict State Legislatures from making laws on the same subject. However, in case of conflict, Parliamentary law prevails.<\/b><\/p>\n<h3><b>Article 250: During National Emergency<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During the operation of a National Emergency, Parliament acquires the power to legislate on matters in the State List for the entire country or any part of it. <\/span><b>Such laws remain in force even after the Emergency ends<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but they <\/span><b>cease to operate six months after the Emergency has ended, unless modified earlier.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As in other cases, State Legislatures are not barred from legislating, but Parliamentary law prevails in case of repugnancy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Article 252: Legislation by Consent of States<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When the legislatures of two or more States pass resolutions requesting Parliament to legislate on a State List subject, Parliament becomes empowered to do so for those States.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Such laws apply only to consenting States, while other States may adopt them later through a resolution.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A key feature of this provision is that:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The State Legislature loses its power over that subject<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parliament alone can amend or repeal such a law<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This represents a voluntary surrender of State legislative power to Parliament. Examples include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wildlife-protection-act\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Transplantation of Human Organs Act, 1994<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Article 253: International Agreements<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Parliament has exclusive authority to legislate on any subject, including those in the State List, for implementing <\/span><b>international treaties, agreements, or conventions. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Examples include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">United Nations (Privileges and Immunities) Act, 1947<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Geneva Convention Act, 1960<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anti-Hijacking Act, 1982<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Environmental protection and TRIPS-related legislations<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Article 356: During President\u2019s Rule<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When President\u2019s Rule is imposed in a State, Parliament assumes the power to legislate on any subject in the State List for that State. Such laws continue to <\/span><b>remain valid even after the President\u2019s Rule ends, unless altered or repealed by the State Legislature.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, the State Legislature regains its legislative authority once the constitutional order is restored, except for laws already enacted by Parliament during this period.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Article 246 of the Constitution Provisions Significance\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 246 constitutes the foundational framework of legislative federalism under the Indian Constitution by delineating the respective legislative competencies of Parliament and State Legislatures through the Seventh Schedule.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It effectuates a structured <\/span><b>distribution of legislative subjects<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> among the Union List, State List, and Concurrent List.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It ensures <\/span><b>constitutional clarity and prevents jurisdictional conflict <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">between Union and State legislatures.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It reinforces the principle of <\/span><b>parliamentary supremacy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in matters of national importance under the Union List.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It <\/span><b>preserves the federal principle<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by securing the exclusive domain of States over subjects of regional significance under the State List.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It <\/span><b>institutionalises cooperative federalism <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">through concurrent legislative competence with Union predominance in case of repugnancy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It provides a constitutional mechanism for <\/span><b>maintaining legislative hierarchy and resolving inter-governmental conflicts.<\/b><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It extends parliamentary legislative competence to Union Territories, thereby ensuring <\/span><b>administrative uniformity and unitary coherence.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Read about  Article 246 of Constitution of India, its provisions, legislative powers, Union List, State List, Concurrent List, and federal structure.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":105072,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[786],"tags":[7733],"class_list":{"0":"post-105085","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-general-studies","8":"tag-article-246-of-the-indian-constitution","9":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105085","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=105085"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105085\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":105101,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105085\/revisions\/105101"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/105072"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=105085"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=105085"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=105085"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}