{"id":105802,"date":"2026-05-29T17:49:57","date_gmt":"2026-05-29T12:19:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=105802"},"modified":"2026-05-29T17:50:13","modified_gmt":"2026-05-29T12:20:13","slug":"crowdfunding","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/crowdfunding\/","title":{"rendered":"Crowdfunding, Meaning, Mechanism, Regulation, Significance"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Crowdfunding has emerged as an important alternative financing mechanism in the digital economy, enabling startups, individuals, and social organizations to raise small amounts of money from a large number of people through online platforms.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Crowdfunding Meaning and Mechanism<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>Crowdfunding<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a <\/span><b>method of raising capital<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> by collecting small contributions from a large number of individuals, <\/span><b>typically through online platforms, to finance a project, business, or social cause<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Unlike traditional financing \u2014 which relies on banks, venture capitalists, or institutional investors \u2014 <\/span><b>crowdfunding democratizes access to capital by enabling project creators to pitch directly to the public.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>The mechanism operates through three key actors:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Campaign Creator initiates the fundraising campaign by setting a financial goal, timeline, and description of the project or cause on a crowdfunding platform.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Platform acts as an intermediary marketplace that hosts campaigns, processes transactions, and provides visibility to potential backers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Backers\/Contributors are individuals who fund campaigns in exchange for rewards, equity, repayment, or purely out of altruistic intent, depending on the model.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most platforms follow either an All-or-Nothing model \u2014 where funds are released only if the target is met \u2014 or a Keep-it-All model \u2014 where creators retain whatever is raised regardless of the goal.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Types of Crowdfunding<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Donation-Based Crowdfunding<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> involves contributors giving money without any expectation of financial return. It is most commonly used for medical emergencies, disaster relief, and social causes.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Reward-Based Crowdfunding <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">offers backers non-financial returns \u2014 such as early product access, merchandise, or acknowledgements \u2014 in exchange for their contribution. It is widely used by creative projects, films, and product startups.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Equity-Based Crowdfunding <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">allows contributors to receive a proportional ownership stake in the venture in return for their investment. This model directly intersects with securities regulation, as it involves public issuance of shares or units to retail investors outside conventional stock market mechanisms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Debt-Based Crowdfunding (Peer-to-Peer Lending)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> involves individuals lending money to borrowers \u2014 individuals or businesses \u2014 through an online platform, with the expectation of repayment with interest. In India, this is regulated as a distinct NBFC category by the Reserve Bank of India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Major Crowdfunding Platforms<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India\u2019s crowdfunding ecosystem has grown significantly, with platforms catering to distinct segments:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ketto<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is one of India\u2019s largest social and healthcare crowdfunding platforms, having facilitated funding for thousands of medical and personal emergency campaigns.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Milaap<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> focuses on social causes, education, and medical needs, with a strong presence in rural and semi-urban fundraising.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Wishberry<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> specializes in creative projects \u2014 films, music, theatre \u2014 following the reward-based model.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Faircent and LenDenClub<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are leading P2P lending platforms registered with the RBI as NBFC-P2Ps, connecting retail borrowers with individual lenders.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Tyke and Grip Invest<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> operate in the startup and alternative investment space, offering equity and debt instruments to retail investors within SEBI\u2019s evolving regulatory framework.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Globally, <\/span><b>Kickstarter and Indiegogo (reward-based), GoFundMe (donation-based), and Seedrs and Crowdcube (equity-based) <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">represent the mature end of the ecosystem.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Crowdfunding Regulation in India<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>India does not yet have a unified crowdfunding law. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regulation is fragmented, with different authorities supervising different crowdfunding models.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Regulation by SEBI \u2013 Equity Crowdfunding<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/securities-and-exchange-board-of-india-sebi\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Securities and Exchange Board of India<\/strong><\/a> (SEBI) released a consultation paper on equity crowdfunding in 2014. SEBI proposed that crowdfunding platforms should be accessible only to sophisticated investors to reduce financial risks.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>Proposed Eligible Investors by SEBI<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accredited Investors \u2013 high net-worth individuals with adequate financial capacity and risk awareness.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Qualified Institutional Buyers (QIBs) \u2013 institutions such as mutual funds, banks, and insurance companies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Corporates and Companies \u2013 business entities meeting prescribed financial eligibility conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SEBI proposed that crowdfunding platforms should operate through recognized intermediaries under regulatory supervision. However, India still lacks a formal legal framework for retail equity crowdfunding.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Consequently, equity crowdfunding continues to operate in a regulatory grey area, and SEBI has cautioned investors against unregistered fundraising platforms.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Regulation by RBI \u2013 P2P Lending Platforms<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/reserve-bank-of-india\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Reserve Bank of India<\/strong><\/a> (RBI) created a formal regulatory framework for Peer-to-Peer (P2P) lending in 2017 through the Master Directions for NBFC-P2P platforms.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>Key RBI Provisions<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">P2P platforms must register as NBFC-P2P entities with RBI approval.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Platforms act only as intermediaries and cannot lend from their own balance sheet.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aggregate lending by a single lender across all P2P platforms is capped at \u20b950 lakh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aggregate borrowing by a single borrower across all P2P platforms is also capped at \u20b950 lakh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exposure between a single lender and a single borrower cannot exceed \u20b950,000.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All transactions must pass through escrow accounts managed by bank-promoted trustees.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Platforms cannot provide assured returns or assume credit risk on behalf of borrowers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RBI mandates disclosure norms, grievance redressal systems, and borrower due diligence.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><b>RBI Tightening of Norms (2023)<\/b><\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 2023, RBI further tightened P2P regulations to curb regulatory arbitrage.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Platforms were prohibited from offering products resembling fixed deposits or guaranteed-return investment schemes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">RBI also restricted liquidity and exit arrangements that made P2P products appear quasi-deposit instruments.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Donation and Reward-Based Crowdfunding Regulation\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Donation-based and reward-based crowdfunding remain largely outside direct securities regulation because they do not involve ownership or investment contracts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, risks of fraud, fund diversion, and misinformation remain significant due to weak oversight.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Foreign donations received through crowdfunding platforms are regulated under the <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/foreign-contribution-regulation-act\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act (FCRA), 2010<\/strong><\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NGOs and individuals receiving foreign contributions must obtain registration or prior approval under FCRA provisions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Although India lacks a dedicated crowdfunding law, contributors may seek indirect legal remedies under the Consumer Protection Act and the Information Technology Act in cases involving online fraud, unfair trade practices, or digital misconduct.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Emerging Regulatory Developments<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">SEBI launched a Regulatory Sandbox framework in 2020 to encourage controlled experimentation in fintech and alternative investment models.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The sandbox approach allows regulators to test innovative financial technologies while balancing investor protection and market innovation.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Crowdfunding Regulation Globally<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>United States:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (JOBS Act), passed in 2012, created a legal framework for equity crowdfunding under the supervision of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It allows startups and small businesses to raise funds from ordinary retail investors through registered online crowdfunding platforms, subject to investment and disclosure limits.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>United Kingdom:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) regulates both equity-based and peer-to-peer crowdfunding platforms.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The UK framework focuses on transparency, risk disclosure, investor protection, and platform accountability, making it one of the most developed crowdfunding regulatory systems globally.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>European Union:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The European Union introduced the European Crowdfunding Service Providers (ECSP) Regulation in 2021 to create a uniform crowdfunding framework across member countries.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It standardizes investor safeguards, licensing norms, and operational rules for platforms.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>China:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China witnessed rapid growth in P2P crowdfunding and lending platforms but later imposed strict regulations after widespread fraud and platform collapses.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The government strengthened oversight to protect investors and reduce financial instability.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Crowdfunding Significance\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Crowdfunding plays an increasingly important role in India\u2019s startup ecosystem, financial inclusion, social financing, and alternative credit architecture by connecting fund seekers directly with a large pool of small contributors through digital platforms.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Financial Inclusion and Democratization of Capital<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Enables individuals, startups, and MSMEs lacking collateral or formal credit history to access finance based on the merit of ideas and public support.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Catalyst for Startup Ecosystem<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Bridges the funding gap between ideation and venture capital funding while helping startups validate product demand and customer interest.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Social Sector Mobilization<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Facilitates rapid fundraising for healthcare, disaster relief, education, and social causes, especially for economically vulnerable groups.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Alternative Source of Credit for MSMEs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: P2P lending platforms provide quicker and more flexible access to working capital compared to traditional banking systems.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Community Validation and Market Testing<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Successful crowdfunding campaigns act as proof of concept and signal market viability to future institutional investors.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Encourages Innovation and Entrepreneurship:<\/strong> Supports innovative projects and creative ventures that may otherwise fail to secure formal institutional financing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Digital Economy Expansion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Strengthens India\u2019s fintech ecosystem by integrating digital payments, online platforms, and alternative financing mechanisms.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Challenges of Crowdfunding<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Regulatory Fragmentation and Legal Gaps<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Absence of a comprehensive crowdfunding framework creates uncertainty regarding investor protection, platform governance, and equity crowdfunding.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fraud and Platform Accountability<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Low verification standards increase the risk of fake campaigns, misuse of funds, and weak grievance redressal mechanisms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Low Financial Literacy Among Investors<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:,Retail participants often lack understanding of risks associated with P2P lending and equity-based crowdfunding models.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Regulatory Arbitrage and Mis-selling<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Some platforms blur the distinction between crowdfunding and deposit-taking by promising assured returns, creating systemic risks.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>FCRA Compliance Constrain<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ts:\u00a0 Strict foreign funding regulations limit the ability of NGOs and social enterprises to mobilize international philanthropic contributions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Platform Dependency and Concentration Risk<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Excessive dependence on a few dominant platforms creates operational and systemic vulnerabilities in case of platform failure.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Cybersecurity and Data Privacy Concerns<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Digital crowdfunding platforms remain vulnerable to data breaches, online fraud, and cyberattacks.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Limited Investor Protection Mechanism<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Unlike regulated financial markets, crowdfunding participants often lack adequate legal safeguards and recovery mechanisms.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Way Forward for Crowdfunding in India<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Comprehensive Crowdfunding Legislation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: India should introduce a unified regulatory framework covering equity, donation, reward, and P2P crowdfunding to reduce legal ambiguity and improve investor confidence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Balanced Regulation with Innovation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Regulators should adopt a \u201clight-touch but accountable\u201d approach that encourages fintech innovation while ensuring transparency, disclosure, and consumer protection.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Formal Framework for Equity Crowdfunding<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) should operationalize a regulated equity crowdfunding ecosystem for startups and retail investors with clear eligibility norms and investment limits.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Strengthening Investor Protection<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Mandatory disclosure standards, escrow mechanisms, grievance redressal systems, and platform accountability norms should be strengthened to reduce fraud and mis-selling.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Improved Financial Literacy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Awareness campaigns should educate retail investors about risks associated with P2P lending, startup investing, and digital fundraising platforms.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technology and Cybersecurity Safeguards<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Crowdfunding platforms should adopt strong cybersecurity protocols, AI-based fraud detection, and data protection standards to ensure trust in digital fundraising.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ease of Compliance for Social Crowdfunding<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Simplifying procedures under the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act for genuine NGOs and verified social campaigns can improve access to global philanthropic funding.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Promotion of Rural and MSME Crowdfunding<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Government-backed digital inclusion and fintech initiatives can expand crowdfunding access for rural entrepreneurs, self-help groups, and small enterprises.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Regulatory Coordination<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Better coordination among the Reserve Bank of India, Securities and Exchange Board of India, and Ministry of Corporate Affairs is needed to prevent regulatory overlap and arbitrage.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Crowdfunding enables startups, MSMEs, and social causes to raise funds online. Read about its meaning, types, regulations, significance, challenges, and future in India.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":105652,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[786],"tags":[7828],"class_list":{"0":"post-105802","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-general-studies","8":"tag-crowdfunding","9":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105802","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=105802"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105802\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":105810,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105802\/revisions\/105810"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/105652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=105802"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=105802"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=105802"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}