{"id":105811,"date":"2026-05-29T17:58:25","date_gmt":"2026-05-29T12:28:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=105811"},"modified":"2026-05-29T17:58:25","modified_gmt":"2026-05-29T12:28:25","slug":"water-budgeting-for-sustainable-water-security-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/water-budgeting-for-sustainable-water-security-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Water Budgeting for Sustainable Water Security in India"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water budgeting is emerging as a critical governance tool in India to ensure sustainable water security in the face of rising demand, groundwater depletion, and climate variability. By systematically \u201ccounting every drop,\u201d it enables scientific planning of water use across agriculture, domestic needs, and livestock, thereby strengthening resilience at the local level and supporting long-term sustainability.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Water Resource in India<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/central-water-commission\/\" target=\"_blank\">Central Water Commission<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India receives <\/span><b>about 3,880 Billion Cubic Metres (BCM) of annual rainfall<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but <\/span><b>only around 1,999 BCM is usable water<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> after natural losses.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>India supports 17.5% of the world\u2019s population and 11.6% of global livestock<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, creating very high pressure on limited water resources.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Agriculture uses about 80\u201390% of rural water<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, making irrigation the biggest driver of demand.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Major challenges include falling groundwater levels, seasonal water scarcity, and conflicts between agriculture, domestic use, and industry.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These challenges highlight the need to shift from supply-side solutions (like building more dams) to demand-side management, where tools like water budgeting help plan and control water use efficiently.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Water Budgeting: Concept and Mechanism<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><b>Water budgeting<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a systematic method of <\/span><b>estimating and balancing the total water available in a region with its total water demand<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to ensure sustainable and efficient use of water resources.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Mechanism of Water Budgeting:\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It involves the step-by-step process of assessing water availability and demand to ensure balanced, efficient, and sustainable use of water resources at the local level.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Estimation of Water Availability (Supply Side)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Total water availability is assessed from rainfall, surface water bodies (rivers, ponds, tanks), and groundwater recharge. Losses such as evaporation, runoff, and seepage are deducted to arrive at usable water<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Estimation of Water Demand<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Total water requirement is calculated across sectors such as agriculture, domestic use, livestock, and small industries (where applicable). This helps understand the pressure on available <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/water-resources\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>water resources<\/strong><\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Water Balance Calculation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: A comparison is made between total water availability and total water demand. This helps identify whether a region is in a water surplus or water deficit\/stress situation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Planning and Decision-Making<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Based on the water balance, decisions are taken on crop selection, irrigation methods (drip\/sprinkler), and water conservation measures. It supports local-level water security and sustainable resource planning.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Implementation Support<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Gram Panchayats and local institutions use water budgeting to prepare annual water plans and budgets. It also helps in monitoring water use and adopting corrective measures for efficient management.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Significance of Water Budgeting<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Water budgeting is important because it promotes scientific, participatory, and sustainable management of water resources by balancing water availability with water demand at the local level.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Scientific Water Management<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Helps assess total water availability from rainfall, surface water, and groundwater against sector-wise demand, enabling evidence-based and data-driven planning.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Shift towards Demand-Side Governance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Moves water management away from excessive extraction and supply expansion towards efficient use, conservation, and planned allocation of water resources.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Sustainable Agriculture<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Supports crop planning according to local water availability, promotes crop diversification, and encourages efficient irrigation methods such as drip and sprinkler systems.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Groundwater Conservation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Helps identify water-stressed and over-exploited areas, supports groundwater recharge planning, and reduces unsustainable extraction of aquifers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Climate Resilience<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Improves preparedness against droughts, erratic rainfall, seasonal shortages, and climate variability by enabling adaptive and location-specific water planning.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Participatory and Decentralised Governance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Strengthens the role of Gram Panchayats, <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/gram-sabha\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Gram Sabhas<\/strong><\/a>, SHGs, and Water User Associations in local water planning and community-led resource management.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Balanced Water Allocation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Enables efficient and equitable distribution of water across agriculture, domestic consumption, livestock, fisheries, and other livelihood activities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Livelihood and Rural Security<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Ensures reliable water availability for agriculture and allied sectors, improving productivity, reducing risks, and strengthening rural livelihoods.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technology-Enabled Planning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Digital tools such as the Varuni web application improve accuracy in water assessment, monitoring, and identification of water surplus and deficit areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Supports National Water Missions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Strengthens implementation of programmes like Atal Bhujal Yojana, National Water Mission, and state-level water conservation initiatives focused on sustainable water security.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Promotes Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Encourages coordinated and long-term management of surface water, groundwater, agriculture, and ecosystems for sustainable development.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Institutional Framework and Key Government Initiatives<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India has increasingly institutionalised water budgeting through national missions, state-level programmes, community participation, and technology-driven governance to promote sustainable and decentralised water management.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Atal Bhujal Yojana (Atal Jal)<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Launched<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: 2019<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Ministry<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Ministry of Jal Shakti<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Type<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: World Bank-assisted Central Sector Scheme<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Objective<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Sustainable management of groundwater resources through community participation, behavioural change, and demand-side water management in groundwater-stressed regions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Coverage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Implemented across 229 blocks in 7 groundwater-stressed states \u2014 Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Major Features:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mandatory preparation of Gram Panchayat-level water budgets and Water Security Plans.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Focus on demand-side management rather than only increasing water supply.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Promotion of crop diversification, micro-irrigation (drip and sprinkler systems), and efficient water-use practices.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Revival and strengthening of traditional water conservation structures such as Johad, Baodi\/Bawdi, Tanka, Diggi, Kalyani, and Gokatte.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Capacity-building programmes for local institutions and communities to improve participatory groundwater governance.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Major Outcomes:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">More than 8,203 water budgets prepared across participating Gram Panchayats.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Around 81,700 water conservation and recharge structures were created or restored.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Demand-side interventions promoted across nearly 9 lakh hectares.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Several groundwater-stressed blocks recorded measurable improvement in groundwater levels during 2023\u201325 assessments.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>National Water Mission (NWM)<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Launched<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: 2011 under the <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/national-action-plan-on-climate-change\/\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>National Action Plan on Climate Change<\/strong><\/a> (NAPCC)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Ministry<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Ministry of Jal Shakti (erstwhile Ministry of Water Resources)<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Objective<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Conservation of water, minimisation of wastage, and promotion of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) for sustainable and equitable water use.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b>Key Features:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Target to improve water-use efficiency by 20%.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Promotion of basin-level planning, aquifer management, and scientific water budgeting.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Encourages participatory and decentralised water governance involving local communities and Panchayati Raj Institutions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Integrates water conservation with climate adaptation and sustainable development strategies.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><b>Nari Shakti se Jal Shakti Initiative:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Promotes women-led participation in water governance through Self-Help Groups (SHGs), Water User Associations (WUAs), and Village Water &amp; Sanitation Committees (VWSCs).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strengthens grassroots awareness, water conservation practices, and community ownership of water resources.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Role of Technology in Water Budgeting: Varuni Web Application<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Varuni Web Application<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is a digital platform developed to prepare scientific and user-friendly <\/span><b>block-level water budgets<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for local water planning and management.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It was <\/span><b>developed under the Indo-German WASCA (Water Security and Climate Adaptation in Rural India) project<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in collaboration with the Ministry of Jal Shakti, Ministry of Rural Development, and NITI Aayog.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The platform automatically <\/span><b>integrates government data<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> related to rainfall, groundwater, land use, cropping patterns, population, and water resources.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It uses a <\/span><b>cycle-based approach<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to compare total water availability (supply) with total water demand at the block level.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Varuni helps identify water surplus and water deficit areas, enabling better planning and prioritisation of interventions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It <\/span><b>supports local authorities in planning <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">groundwater recharge, rainwater harvesting, crop diversification, water conservation structures, and efficient irrigation methods like drip and sprinkler systems.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The application <\/span><b>uses an automated computational framework, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">reducing manual intervention and minimising errors in water assessment and planning.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>State-Level Innovations<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Several states in India have adopted community-based and technology-supported water budgeting models to improve water conservation, groundwater recharge, and drought resilience.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Maharashtra \u2013 Hiware Bazar Model<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Community-led water budgeting, watershed development, rainwater harvesting, and restrictions on deep borewells transformed the drought-prone village into a water-secure and climate-resilient model.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Maharashtra \u2013 Jalyukt Shivar Abhiyan (2014)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Focused on drought-proofing villages through water conservation, groundwater recharge, geotagging, and village-level water budgeting, resulting in improved groundwater levels and agricultural productivity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Rajasthan \u2013 Mukhyamantri Jal Swavlamban Abhiyan (2016)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Adopted the \u201cFour Waters Concept\u201d and Gram Sabha-based water budgeting to improve groundwater recharge, reduce runoff losses, and enhance water access in drought-prone regions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Gujarat \u2013 Participatory Groundwater Management<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Community participation and local water planning have been promoted in groundwater-stressed areas to encourage efficient irrigation and sustainable groundwater use.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Karnataka \u2013 Watershed-Based Water Planning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Focus on watershed management, tank rejuvenation, and local water budgeting to improve rural water security and groundwater recharge.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Andhra Pradesh \u2013 Community Managed Groundwater Systems<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Encouraged farmers\u2019 participation in groundwater monitoring and crop planning based on available water resources.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Challenges in Water Budgeting<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite strong policy support and successful pilot models, water budgeting in India faces multiple structural, institutional, and implementation-related constraints that limit its scalability and effectiveness.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Data Gaps and Poor Hydrological Information<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Lack of reliable local data on rainfall, groundwater levels, surface water availability, and crop-water demand makes accurate Gram Panchayat-level water budgeting difficult.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Weak Local Institutional Capacity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Many Gram Panchayats lack trained personnel, technical expertise, and financial resources to prepare, monitor, and implement water budgets effectively.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fragmented Governance and Jurisdictional Overlaps<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Water governance is divided among multiple departments such as irrigation, agriculture, groundwater, drinking water, and rural development, leading to poor coordination and silo-based planning.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Limited Community Ownership<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: In several regions, Gram Sabha participation remains weak, while women, small farmers, and vulnerable groups often remain excluded from water governance and allocation decisions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Disconnect Between Water Budgets and Actual Planning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Water budgets are frequently treated as administrative compliance documents rather than integrated planning tools linked with agriculture, MGNREGS, irrigation, and rural development planning.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Groundwater Over-Extraction and Unsustainable Cropping Patterns<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Continued cultivation of water-intensive crops and excessive borewell extraction undermine demand-side water management efforts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Climate Variability and Forecast Uncertainty<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Irregular monsoons, droughts, floods, and extreme weather events reduce the reliability of static water budgets and complicate long-term planning.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Digital Divide and Limited Technology Access<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Technology platforms like the Varuni web application require internet connectivity, digital infrastructure, and technical literacy, which remain limited in many remote and tribal regions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Financial and Infrastructure Constraints<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Inadequate funding and poor maintenance of water conservation structures weaken the long-term sustainability of water budgeting initiatives.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Low Awareness and Behavioural Resistance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Farmers and local communities may resist changes in cropping patterns, irrigation methods, and groundwater usage practices due to economic dependence and lack of awareness.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Way Forward<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India can achieve sustainable water security by expanding water budgeting through better planning, community participation, technology use, and climate-resilient water management.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Expand Water Budgeting Across India<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The success of the Atal Bhujal Yojana in 229 groundwater-stressed blocks should be extended to all water-stressed regions of the country.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Link Water Budgeting with Crop Planning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Water budgets should guide Kharif and Rabi crop planning so that farmers grow crops according to locally available water resources.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Strengthen Community Participation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Women-led SHGs and Water Users\u2019 Associations (WUAs) should be given training, data access, and greater decision-making roles in local water governance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Increase Use of Technology<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Digital tools like the Varuni web application should be expanded to all districts and made accessible even in rural areas with poor internet connectivity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Revive Traditional Water Conservation Systems<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Traditional structures such as Johad, Bawdi, Tanka, and Diggi should be restored and included in watershed and rural development programmes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ensure Convergence of Government Schemes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Schemes such as MGNREGS, PM Krishi Sinchayee Yojana, Jal Jeevan Mission, and PMKSY should work together to support integrated village-level water planning.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Promote Climate-Resilient Water Planning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Water budgeting should include climate and rainfall variability data to prepare better plans for drought-prone and flood-prone areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Water budgeting helps India achieve sustainable water security through efficient planning, groundwater conservation, climate resilience, and community-based water management.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":105790,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[786],"tags":[7830],"class_list":{"0":"post-105811","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-general-studies","8":"tag-water-budgeting","9":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105811","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=105811"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105811\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":105814,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105811\/revisions\/105814"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/105790"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=105811"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=105811"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=105811"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}