{"id":107895,"date":"2026-06-12T17:09:58","date_gmt":"2026-06-12T11:39:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=107895"},"modified":"2026-06-12T17:09:58","modified_gmt":"2026-06-12T11:39:58","slug":"climate-resilient-agriculture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/climate-resilient-agriculture\/","title":{"rendered":"Climate Resilient Agriculture, Objectives, Impact, Climate Risks, NICRA"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Climate Resilient Agriculture<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> refers to <\/span><b>farming practices<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that help farmers deal with <\/span><b>changing climate conditions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like <\/span><b>irregular rainfall<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>rising temperatures<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><b>extreme weather events<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It focuses on protecting <\/span><b>crops<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>soil<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><b>water resources<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> so that agriculture can continue to produce enough <\/span><b>food<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> even in difficult conditions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Objectives of Climate Resilient Agriculture<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The objectives of Climate Resilient Agriculture (CRA) focus on making farming systems more adaptive, sustainable, and risk-resistant in the face of climate change. They aim to ensure food security, stable farmer incomes, and efficient resource use. The key objectives are discussed below.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Strengthening farming against <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/climate-change\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>climate change<\/b><\/a><b>:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> CRA aims to make agriculture more resilient to climate change impacts like droughts, floods, heatwaves, and erratic rainfall. It helps farming systems adjust and continue functioning under changing environmental conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ensuring food security:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> One key objective is to maintain a stable food supply at local and national levels. It reduces the risk of food shortages caused by climate-related crop failures and production losses.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Stabilizing farmers\u2019 income:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Climate Resilient Agriculture focuses on protecting farmers from income loss due to unpredictable weather. It promotes diversified farming systems to reduce dependency on a single crop and improve income stability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Improving productivity and yield stability:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It helps maintain or improve crop yields even under climate stress. This is achieved through better seeds, improved farming practices, and scientific agricultural methods.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Building adaptive capacity:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> CRA enhances farmers\u2019 ability to respond to climate risks using location-specific technologies and climate information. It supports timely and informed decision-making at the farm level.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Conserving natural resources:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It promotes efficient use of water, soil, and land through practices like micro-irrigation and soil conservation. This helps maintain long-term soil fertility and water availability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Reducing environmental impact:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Climate Resilient Agriculture encourages reduced use of chemical inputs and promotes sustainable practices. It also helps lower greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural activities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Enhancing long-term sustainability:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It supports farming systems that are environmentally sound and economically viable. The focus is on ensuring agriculture remains productive for future generations as well.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Importance of Climate Resilient Agriculture in India<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The importance of Climate Resilient Agriculture (CRA) in India lies in addressing the growing challenges of climate variability, monsoon dependence, and agricultural risks. It helps ensure food security, protect farmer livelihoods, and promote sustainable agriculture. The key aspects are discussed below.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>High dependence on rainfed agriculture:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Nearly <\/span><b>half of India\u2019s cultivated land (around 51%) is rainfed<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and it produces a large share of food supply. Since it depends heavily on monsoon rains, it becomes very vulnerable to <\/span><b>irregular <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/precipitation\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>rainfall<\/b><\/a><b> and climate variability<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, making Climate Resilient Agriculture essential.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Protection against severe crop losses:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Climate change can cause major drops in crop yields if no adaptation is taken. Studies suggest that crops like <\/span><b>rainfed rice and wheat may face sharp yield reductions in the future<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which can threaten national food security. CRA helps reduce these risks.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Support for rural economy and livelihoods:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Agriculture is a major source of employment in India and supports a large part of the population. Since it contributes significantly to the economy, CRA is important for protecting <\/span><b>farm incomes and rural livelihoods<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from climate-related shocks like floods and droughts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Reducing risk from extreme weather events:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India frequently faces <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/drought\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>droughts<\/b><\/a><b>, heatwaves,<\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/floods\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b> floods<\/b><\/a><b>, and unseasonal rains<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which directly affect farmers. CRA helps farming systems become more stable and better prepared to handle these extreme conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Protecting natural resources:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Traditional farming practices often lead to <\/span><b>soil degradation and groundwater depletion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. CRA promotes sustainable use of resources through soil conservation, efficient water use, and practices that help restore environmental balance.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Ensuring long-term agricultural sustainability:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Climate Resilient Agriculture is important because it not only focuses on current production but also ensures that agriculture remains <\/span><b>productive, sustainable, and environmentally balanced for future generations<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Impact of Climate Change on Indian Agriculture<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>impact of climate change on Indian agriculture<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is seen in increasing <\/span><b>weather uncertainties, declining crop productivity, and rising farming risks<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It affects both <\/span><b>food security and farmer livelihoods<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, making agriculture more vulnerable. The key impacts are discussed below.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Reduced crop yields due to weather stress:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Rising temperatures, heatwaves, and irregular rainfall disturb crop growth, flowering, and pollination. This results in lower productivity of major crops like rice, wheat, and maize, making farming more uncertain and risky for farmers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Evidence from ICAR-NICRA studies:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Research under the <\/span><b>NICRA project of <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/indian-council-of-agricultural-research-icar\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>ICAR<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> shows that without adaptation measures, crop yields may decline in the future. For the period 2020-2039, <\/span><b>irrigated rice may fall by about 3%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, while <\/span><b>rainfed rice may decline by 7-28%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Wheat may reduce by <\/span><b>3.2-5.3%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and maize by <\/span><b>9-10%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Long-term projected yield losses:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Advanced crop simulation models used for future scenarios (2050 and 2080) show even sharper declines. For example, <\/span><b>rainfed rice may reduce by 20% (2050) and 47% (2080)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, while wheat may fall by <\/span><b>19.3% and 40%<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> respectively. Maize is also expected to face significant losses over time.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Changes in crop nutrition and quality:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Climate change not only reduces yield but also affects food quality. Higher carbon dioxide levels can reduce important nutrients like <\/span><b>protein, iron, and zinc<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in crops such as rice and wheat, which can impact overall nutrition security.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Increasing water scarcity:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Indian agriculture depends heavily on monsoon rainfall. However, changing rainfall patterns, delayed monsoons, and groundwater depletion are increasing <\/span><b>water stress<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, especially in highly agricultural regions, making irrigation more difficult and expensive.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>More frequent extreme weather events:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India is experiencing more <\/span><b>droughts, floods, heatwaves and unseasonal rains<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which destroy standing crops and disrupt the entire farming cycle. These shocks often push small and marginal farmers into <\/span><b>debt and financial distress<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Rise in pests and diseases:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Warmer and more humid conditions create a favourable environment for pests and crop diseases. Outbreaks such as locust attacks and armyworms are becoming more common, increasing farmers\u2019 dependence on pesticides and raising production costs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Socio-economic impact on farmers:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Extreme climate events affect not only agriculture but also rural livelihoods. They reduce food and nutrition intake, increase <\/span><b>poverty levels, indebtedness and migration<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and weaken farmers\u2019 ability to recover from future climate shocks.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Major Climate Risks Faced by Agriculture<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>major climate risks faced by <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/agriculture-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>agriculture<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> arise from increasing <\/span><b>climate variability, extreme weather events, and resource stress<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. These risks threaten <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/agricultural-inputs-and-productivity\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>agriculture productivity<\/b><\/a><b>, water availability, and farmer incomes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, making agriculture highly vulnerable. The key risks are discussed below.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Erratic and Unpredictable <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/monsoon-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Monsoons<\/b><\/a><b>:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Indian agriculture depends heavily on <\/span><b>monsoon rainfall<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but changing climate patterns have made it <\/span><b>irregular and unreliable<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><b>Delayed onset<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>early withdrawal<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><b>uneven distribution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> directly affect <\/span><b>sowing, crop growth, and yields<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Heavy Dependence on Rainfall:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Nearly half of the cultivated land relies on <\/span><b>rain-fed agriculture<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. <\/span><b>Weak or inconsistent rainfall<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> reduces <\/span><b>crop production<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and increases farmers\u2019 <\/span><b>climate vulnerability<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Rising Temperatures and Heat Stress:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Increasing <\/span><b>temperatures<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and frequent <\/span><b>heatwaves<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> create <\/span><b>heat stress<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> during <\/span><b>flowering and grain formation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This leads to <\/span><b>reduced productivity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>yield losses<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Frequent Droughts and Water Scarcity:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Repeated <\/span><b>droughts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and declining rainfall cause <\/span><b>water scarcity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This makes <\/span><b>irrigation difficult<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and increases pressure on <\/span><b>water resources<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Groundwater Depletion:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Excessive use of <\/span><b>groundwater for irrigation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has led to <\/span><b>falling water tables<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This reduces <\/span><b>long-term water availability<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and raises <\/span><b>farming costs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Floods and Unseasonal Rainfall:<\/b> <b>Heavy rains<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>floods<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><b>unseasonal weather events<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> damage crops and cause <\/span><b>soil erosion<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. These lead to <\/span><b>economic losses<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for farmers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Regional Climate Imbalance:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Different regions face different risks &#8211; <\/span><b>flood-prone areas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (eastern\/northeastern India) and <\/span><b>drought-prone regions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (central\/western India). This creates <\/span><b>uneven agricultural challenges<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Extreme Weather Events:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Events like <\/span><b>cyclones<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>hailstorms<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><b>cold waves<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are increasing. These sudden events can cause <\/span><b>crop destruction<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and disrupt the <\/span><b>farming cycle<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/soil-degradation\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Soil Degradation<\/b><\/a><b> and Declining Fertility:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Continuous use of <\/span><b>chemical <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/fertiliser-industry-in-india\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>fertilizers<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>monocropping<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> has reduced <\/span><b>soil fertility<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Poor soil has lower <\/span><b>water and nutrient retention capacity<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Increase in Pests and Diseases:<\/b> <b>Warmer and humid conditions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> promote <\/span><b>pest and disease spread<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This increases <\/span><b>crop damage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>input costs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> due to higher pesticide use.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Impact on Farmers\u2019 Livelihoods:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> These risks lead to <\/span><b>income instability<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>debt<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><b>poverty<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Many farmers are forced into <\/span><b>migration<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, especially <\/span><b>small and marginal farmers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>High Climate Vulnerability Across Regions:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Many districts face <\/span><b>high climate risk<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> due to <\/span><b>low irrigation access<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>frequent disasters<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><b>small landholdings<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, making agriculture highly <\/span><b>climate-sensitive<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>National Innovations on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA)<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is running a major project called <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/national-initiative-on-climate-resilient-agriculture\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture<\/b><\/a><b> (NICRA)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This programme focuses on understanding how <\/span><b>climate change affects agriculture<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and finding practical solutions for farmers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">NICRA studies the impact of <\/span><b>changing weather patterns<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on different sectors of agriculture, including <\/span><b>crops, livestock, horticulture, and fisheries<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. It also works on developing and promoting <\/span><b>climate-resilient technologies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to help farmers cope with challenges like <\/span><b>droughts, floods, frost, and heat waves<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Research under NICRA shows that if no adaptation steps are taken, <\/span><b>climate change can reduce the yield of major crops<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> such as <\/span><b>rice, wheat, and Kharif maize<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, both in rainfed and irrigated farming systems.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As part of risk assessment, ICAR has evaluated the <\/span><b>vulnerability of 651 agricultural districts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in India using global <\/span><b>IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) methods<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Out of these, <\/span><b>310 districts are highly vulnerable<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, including <\/span><b>109 very highly vulnerable<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>201 highly vulnerable districts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To manage these risks, <\/span><b>District Agriculture Contingency Plans<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have been prepared for all 651 districts. These plans guide farmers on <\/span><b>what crops to grow, which varieties to use, and what farming practices to adopt<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> during abnormal weather conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To strengthen farmers\u2019 ability to adapt, NICRA has introduced the idea of <\/span><b>\u201cClimate Resilient Villages (CRVs)\u201d<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. In these villages, <\/span><b>modern and climate-friendly farming practices<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are demonstrated and promoted for adoption.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So far, climate-resilient technologies have been implemented in <\/span><b>448 Climate Resilient Villages<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> across <\/span><b>151 vulnerable districts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in <\/span><b>28 states and union territories<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, helping farmers directly experience and learn better practices.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The programme also focuses heavily on <\/span><b>training and awareness building<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, where farmers are educated about <\/span><b>climate change, weather risks, and improved farming techniques<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> so they can make informed decisions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under the broader <\/span><b>National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, several government schemes have been launched to support farmers in dealing with <\/span><b>climate-related challenges<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and improving long-term sustainability.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the last 10 years (2014-2024), the national agricultural research system under ICAR has developed and released around <\/span><b>2900 crop varieties<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, out of which <\/span><b>most are resistant to pests, diseases, drought, heat, and other climate stresses<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many <\/span><b>climate-smart farming techniques<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have also been developed and promoted, such as <\/span><b>System of Rice Intensification (SRI), aerobic rice cultivation, direct seeding of rice, zero tillage wheat farming<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and <\/span><b>better use of crop residues in the soil<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to improve soil health and reduce environmental damage.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Government Initiatives for Climate Resilient Agriculture<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>government initiatives for Climate Resilient Agriculture<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> aim to strengthen farming systems through <\/span><b>policy support, technological interventions, and financial protection<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. These initiatives focus on improving <\/span><b>adaptation capacity, resource efficiency, and farmer resilience<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The key initiatives are discussed below.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Indian Council of Agricultural Research under the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare is leading several initiatives to make agriculture more <\/span><b>climate-resilient and sustainable<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. A key project is <\/span><b>National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which studies climate impacts and develops practical solutions for farmers.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Development of resilient crop varieties:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ICAR has released around <\/span><b>2,900 crop varieties<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, out of which about <\/span><b>2,661 are stress-tolerant<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (resistant to drought, heat, floods, pests, etc.), helping farmers cope with changing climate conditions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Identification of vulnerable districts:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Climate vulnerability has been assessed in <\/span><b>651 districts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, with <\/span><b>310 identified as highly vulnerable<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Based on this, <\/span><b>District Agriculture Contingency Plans (DACPs)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have been prepared for better local planning.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Technology demonstration and village-level support:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Climate-resilient practices like <\/span><b>direct seeding of rice, drought-tolerant crops, and improved farming methods<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are demonstrated in <\/span><b>151 districts and hundreds of villages<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to encourage adoption.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Seed security and planting support:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Through the <\/span><b>Sub Mission on Seeds and Planting Materials (SMSP)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the government ensures availability of <\/span><b>quality seeds<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Programs like the <\/span><b>Seed Village Programme<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> help farmers access and produce seeds locally.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Water management and irrigation efficiency:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Schemes like <\/span><b>Per Drop More Crop<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> promote <\/span><b>micro-irrigation (drip and sprinkler systems)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to save water and improve efficiency at the farm level.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Promotion of integrated farming systems:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Under <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/rainfed-area-development\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Rainfed Area Development<\/b><\/a><b> (RAD)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, farmers are encouraged to adopt <\/span><b>Integrated Farming Systems (IFS)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> combining crops, livestock, and horticulture to reduce risks and increase income.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Improving soil health:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/soil-health-card-scheme\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Soil Health Card<\/b><\/a><b> (SHC)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> scheme provides farmers with information on <\/span><b>soil nutrients<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and guides them on proper fertilizer use, helping maintain long-term soil fertility.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Encouraging organic and natural farming:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Schemes like <\/span><b>Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>Mission Organic Value Chain Development for North Eastern Region (MOVCDNER)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> support <\/span><b>organic farming<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, providing financial assistance and end-to-end support from production to marketing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Crop diversification and allied sectors:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Programs promoting <\/span><b>pulses, oilseeds, horticulture, agroforestry, and bamboo<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> help reduce dependence on a single crop and increase resilience to climate risks.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Capacity building and awareness:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Training programs and initiatives like <\/span><b>KVKs and ATMA<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> help farmers learn about <\/span><b>climate-smart practices, new technologies, and risk management<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Financial protection through insurance:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Schemes like <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/pradhan-mantri-fasal-bima-yojana-pmfby\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana<\/b><\/a><b> (PMFBY)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>Weather-Based Crop Insurance Scheme<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> provide <\/span><b>financial support<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to farmers in case of crop loss due to natural disasters.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Use of modern technology and advisories:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Tools like <\/span><b>agro-meteorological advisories<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and precision agriculture technologies help farmers make <\/span><b>better decisions based on weather forecasts<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Climate Resilient Villages (CRVs) Concept<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Climate Resilient Villages are <\/span><b>model villages<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> developed under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research to help farmers deal with <\/span><b>climate change and extreme weather conditions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Purpose of CRVs:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The main aim is to make villages <\/span><b>strong and prepared<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for problems like <\/span><b>droughts, floods, heatwaves, and irregular rainfall<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Location-specific solutions:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Each village gets <\/span><b>custom solutions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> based on its local climate and problems, so farmers can manage risks better.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Use of climate-resilient technologies:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Farmers are encouraged to adopt practices like <\/span><b>drought-tolerant crops, direct seeding, water-saving techniques, and better soil management<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Demonstration and learning:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> These villages act as <\/span><b>learning centers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, where farmers can see new technologies working in real fields and adopt them easily.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Coverage and implementation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> CRVs have been developed in <\/span><b>hundreds of villages across many states<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, especially in areas that are highly vulnerable to climate change.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Improving income and food security:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> By using better practices and diversifying activities, CRVs help farmers <\/span><b>increase income and ensure stable food supply<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Community-based approach:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The whole village participates, making it a <\/span><b>collective effort<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> rather than individual farming changes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Capacity building and awareness:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Farmers are trained and guided about <\/span><b>climate risks, new technologies, and better farming methods<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Challenges in Implementing Climate Resilient Agriculture<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>challenges in implementing Climate Resilient Agriculture<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> arise from <\/span><b>financial constraints, lack of awareness, technological barriers, and institutional gaps<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. These issues limit the adoption of climate-smart practices and reduce <\/span><b>farmer adaptability and resilience<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. The key challenges are discussed below.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>High Initial Investment Costs:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Adopting <\/span><b>Climate-Resilient Agriculture (CRA)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> often requires expensive technologies like <\/span><b>greenhouses, drip irrigation, precision farming tools, and renewable energy systems<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. For most farmers, especially in developing regions, arranging such large upfront investment becomes very difficult.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Small Landholdings and Limited Credit Access:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In countries like India, a large number of farmers are <\/span><b>small and marginal farmers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with very limited land. Due to lack of proper <\/span><b>collateral and financial security<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, they struggle to get loans, which restricts their ability to adopt modern farming practices.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fear of Risk and Delayed Benefits:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Many Climate Resilient Agriculture practices like <\/span><b>crop rotation, soil improvement, and organic methods<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> take time to show results. This delay creates <\/span><b>fear of failure<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> among farmers, as they depend on immediate income for survival.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Lack of Technical Knowledge and Training:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Climate Resilient Agriculture is <\/span><b>knowledge-intensive<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and requires understanding of <\/span><b>climate patterns, soil health, water management, and new technologies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. However, many farmers lack proper <\/span><b>training and guidance<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, making it difficult to use these methods effectively.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Weak Agricultural Extension Services:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> There is often a shortage of <\/span><b>field-level support and extension workers<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to guide farmers. As a result, farmers do not receive timely <\/span><b>weather advisories, technical help, or best farming practices<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Digital Divide in Rural Areas:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Although digital tools and <\/span><b>AI-based agriculture technologies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> are growing, many farmers lack <\/span><b>digital literacy<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. This limits their ability to use mobile apps, weather data, and smart farming systems.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Limited Availability of Climate-Resilient Seeds:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Institutions like Indian Council of Agricultural Research have developed many <\/span><b>climate-tolerant crop varieties<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, but their <\/span><b>distribution at the ground level is slow and uneven<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. As a result, many farmers still do not have access to these improved seeds.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Water Scarcity and Poor Resource Conditions:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Many regions face <\/span><b>groundwater depletion, droughts, and degraded land<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Without proper <\/span><b>water and soil management<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, it becomes difficult to successfully implement Climate Resilient Agriculture practices.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Energy Issues and Rising Costs:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Modern agriculture systems depend on <\/span><b>electricity for irrigation, storage, and automation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. In areas with <\/span><b>unreliable power supply or high energy costs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, maintaining these systems becomes expensive and risky.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Complex Water Management Systems:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> While Climate Resilient Agriculture aims to save water, <\/span><b>efficient irrigation systems<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> require proper design and monitoring. Poor management can lead to problems like <\/span><b>soil salinity, nutrient imbalance, and crop stress<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Dependence on Data and Technology Reliability:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Climate Resilient Agriculture relies on <\/span><b>data from sensors, climate models, and software systems<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Any <\/span><b>technical failure or incorrect data interpretation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> can disrupt farming operations and reduce productivity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Market Access and Profitability Issues:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Even if farmers produce better quality crops using CRA, they often face problems with <\/span><b>market access, storage, transport, and fair pricing<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Without proper supply chains, farmers may not get the expected economic benefits.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Measures for Strengthening Climate Resilience in Agriculture<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>measures for strengthening climate resilience in agriculture<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> focus on enhancing <\/span><b>adaptive capacity, sustainable resource management, and risk reduction strategies<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. under changing climate conditions. The key measures are discussed below.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Promoting climate-resilient crops and diversification:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Focus on developing and spreading <\/span><b>climate-tolerant crop varieties<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> using modern tools like <\/span><b>genome editing<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, along with scaling proven varieties by Indian Council of Agricultural Research. At the same time, encourage <\/span><b>traditional crops like millets<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to improve both <\/span><b>resilience and nutritional security<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Improving soil health and regulating inputs:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Adopt <\/span><b>regenerative farming practices<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> such as <\/span><b>crop rotation, cover cropping, and minimum tillage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to restore soil fertility. Also ensure <\/span><b>strict quality control of bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to build farmer confidence.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Efficient water and resource management:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Promote <\/span><b>water-saving techniques<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> like <\/span><b>drip irrigation, sprinkler systems, and Direct Seeded Rice (DSR)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Proper management of <\/span><b>water, soil, and energy resources<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is essential for sustainable agriculture.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Strengthening financial support and risk coverage:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Expand schemes like <\/span><b>Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to cover <\/span><b>extreme weather risks<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Provide <\/span><b>easy credit, subsidies, and incentives<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to help farmers adopt climate-resilient practices without financial burden.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Better policy coordination and planning:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Align programs like <\/span><b>NICRA<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> into a <\/span><b>coordinated framework<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Ensure effective use of <\/span><b>District Agriculture Contingency Plans (DACPs)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in vulnerable regions.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Enhancing technology use and institutional support:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Combine <\/span><b>digital tools (weather advisories, AI-based guidance)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with strong ground support from <\/span><b>Krishi Vigyan Kendras (KVKs)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to improve adoption.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Capacity building and community participation:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Strengthen <\/span><b>farmer training and awareness programs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and promote models like <\/span><b>Climate Resilient Villages (CRVs)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for collective learning and adaptation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Improving market access and income security:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Develop better <\/span><b>storage, transport, and market linkages<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> so that farmers get <\/span><b>fair prices and stable incomes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> from climate-resilient farming.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Climate Resilient Agriculture helps farmers adapt to climate change through sustainable farming, water conservation, resilient crops, and improved food security.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"featured_media":107706,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[786],"tags":[8095,5104,5105],"class_list":{"0":"post-107895","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-general-studies","8":"tag-climate-resilient-agriculture","9":"tag-economy","10":"tag-economy-notes","11":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107895","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107895"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107895\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":107933,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107895\/revisions\/107933"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/107706"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107895"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107895"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107895"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}