{"id":126837,"date":"2026-09-30T11:49:44","date_gmt":"2026-09-30T06:19:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=126837"},"modified":"2026-09-30T11:49:44","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T06:19:44","slug":"article-370-upsc-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-370-upsc-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 370: From J&#038;K Special Status to Statehood Demand"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><b>Article 370 Latest News<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As Chief Minister Omar Abdullah brought a resolution seeking immediate restoration of statehood for Jammu and Kashmir in the Assembly recently, several amendments were moved \u2014 some seeking the inclusion of <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/article-370-of-the-indian-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\">Articles 370<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-35a\/\" target=\"_blank\">35A<\/a><\/strong><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>,<\/strong> as they existed before August 5, 2019.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These amendments were later withdrawn, but they brought renewed attention to the constitutional provisions that have shaped J&amp;K&#8217;s status within India.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>What Was Article 370?<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 370 provided <\/span><b>special status<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to Jammu and Kashmir, ensuring Parliament could legislate on only three subjects in relation to the state: <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Defence; Foreign relations; Communication<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These were the exact subjects mentioned in the Instrument of Accession that made the princely state part of India.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">J&amp;K was allowed its <\/span><b>own constitution<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, standing apart from other states.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Only Article 1 (defining India&#8217;s territory) and Article 370 itself applied to the state, beyond the extension of subjects under those three heads.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>How Article 370 Came Into Being<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>The Accession Crisis (1947):<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> After <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/maharaja-hari-singh\/\" target=\"_blank\">Raja Hari Singh<\/a><\/strong>, ruler of J&amp;K, tried to remain independent amid Partition, Pakistan \u2014 claiming the province due to its Muslim-majority population \u2014 sent irregular troops (Kabailis) to capture Kashmir in October 1947.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A worried Hari Singh signed the Instrument of Accession on October 26, 1947, after which Indian soldiers began repelling the invaders.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>UN Involvement<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: India took the matter to the UN Security Council in January 1948. The UN Commission for India and Pakistan (UNCIP) mediated a ceasefire.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UNSC Resolution 47 called for both sides to demilitarise so a plebiscite could determine the wishes of J&amp;K&#8217;s people.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since demilitarisation never happened, this resolution remained a dead letter.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Constitutional Adoption<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Article 370 was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on October 17, 1949.\u00a0<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Drafting Committee member N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar explained that the state was &#8220;not yet ripe&#8221; for full integration, citing ongoing UN entanglement and parts of the state still being &#8220;in the hands of rebels and enemies.&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Restrictions under Article 370<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Outsiders required a permit to visit the state and were barred from buying land there.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>The Delhi Agreement of 1952<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Later, the then Nehru government and the J&amp;K government signed the Delhi Agreement in July 1952, under which the state:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accepted the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accepted the supremacy of the Indian flag (though the state flag remained in use too).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Accepted the President&#8217;s power to declare Emergency under Article 352 \u2014 but <\/span><b>only with the state&#8217;s concurrence<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, in case of internal disturbances.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>What Was Article 35A?<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A <\/span><b>Presidential Order<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in 1954, issued under Article 370&#8217;s authority, added Article 35A to the Constitution as an annexure (Appendix 1) to the official text.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 35A flowed from Article 370.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It empowered the J&amp;K Assembly to define who qualified as a &#8220;permanent resident&#8221; of the state.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It extended special rights to such residents \u2014 including the right to own property and access to government jobs and scholarships.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>How Article 370 Was Abrogated<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On August 5, 2019, the government rendered Article 370 inoperative through the <\/span><b>Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 2019<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which superseded the 1954 Order.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This nullified J&amp;K&#8217;s separate constitution and extended all provisions of the Indian Constitution to the state.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>The Legal Mechanism Used<\/b><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The government invoked <\/span><b>Clause 3 of Article 370<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, which allows the President to declare the article inoperative \u2014 but requires the &#8220;recommendation of the Constituent Assembly of the State&#8221;.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since J&amp;K&#8217;s constituent assembly no longer existed, the President instead used Clause 1 of Article 370, <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">which empowers the President to modify the Constitution&#8217;s application to J&amp;K<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To achieve this, the phrase &#8220;Constituent Assembly of the State&#8221; in Article 367 was replaced with &#8220;Legislative Assembly of the State.&#8221;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Since the state&#8217;s Legislative Assembly was suspended at the time (the state was under President&#8217;s Rule after the BJP-PDP alliance collapsed), the order specified that any reference to the Legislative Assembly would mean a reference to the Governor of Jammu and Kashmir \u2014 a central appointee.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Judicial Validation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The Supreme Court upheld this abrogation in 2023, holding that Article 370 was meant to enhance integration between the Indian Union and J&amp;K, not cause disintegration.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">J&amp;K&#8217;s constitutional journey has never stood still \u2014 from a special-status accession meant to be temporary, through decades of gradual integration via agreements like Delhi 1952, to complete abrogation using the very machinery Article 370 itself provided.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The current statehood demand, and the withdrawn push to restore Articles 370 and 35A, shows this evolution is still being contested \u2014 now in the Assembly rather than through arms or ordinances.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Source:<\/b> <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/jammu-and-kashmir-article-370-statehood-demand-constitutional-status-10899754\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">IE<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Article 370 shaped Jammu and Kashmir&#8217;s special constitutional status before its abrogation in 2019, while the current statehood demand renews debate over J&#038;K&#8217;s constitutional journey.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":126884,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[10576,60,22,59],"class_list":["post-126837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-upsc-mains-current-affairs","tag-article-370","tag-mains-articles","tag-upsc-current-affairs","tag-upsc-mains-current-affairs","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126837","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=126837"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126837\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":126894,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126837\/revisions\/126894"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/126884"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=126837"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=126837"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=126837"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}