{"id":126962,"date":"2026-09-30T18:12:30","date_gmt":"2026-09-30T12:42:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=126962"},"modified":"2026-09-30T18:12:30","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T12:42:30","slug":"upsc-daily-quiz-30-september-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/upsc-daily-quiz-30-september-2026\/","title":{"rendered":"UPSC Daily Quiz 30 September 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_content\" id=\"wpProQuiz_267\">\n            <h2>UPSC Daily Quiz 30 September 2026<\/h2>        <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit\">\n            <div class=\"time\">Time limit: <span>0<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_progress\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_checkPage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Quiz-summary<\/h4>\n\n            <p>\n                <span>0<\/span> of 10 questions completed            <\/p>\n\n            <p>Questions:<\/p>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_box\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                            <li>3<\/li>\n                                            <li>4<\/li>\n                                            <li>5<\/li>\n                                            <li>6<\/li>\n                                            <li>7<\/li>\n                                            <li>8<\/li>\n                                            <li>9<\/li>\n                                            <li>10<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endQuizSummary\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_infopage\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <h4>Information<\/h4>\n\n            \n            <input type=\"button\" name=\"endInfopage\" value=\"Finish quiz\"\n                   class=\"wpProQuiz_button\">\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_text\">\n            <p>\n                <p>Vajiram &amp; Ravi\u2019s Daily UPSC Quiz is designed to help aspirants strengthen their preparation by focusing on current affairs and concepts from the UPSC Syllabus 2026 for both Prelims &amp; Mains. It allows candidates to revise important topics while regularly assessing their understanding and progress. Practicing these quizzes daily can improve accuracy, speed, and problem-solving skills. This consistent practice also enhances confidence in tackling exam-level questions. Overall, it is a valuable tool for both UPSC Prelims preparation and Mains revision.<\/p>\n            <\/p>\n\n            \n            <div>\n                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" value=\"Start quiz\"\n                       name=\"startQuiz\">\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_lock\">\n            <p>\n                You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_loadQuiz\">\n            <p>\n                Quiz is loading...            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_startOnlyRegisteredUser\">\n            <p>\n                You must sign in or sign up to start the quiz.            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_prerequisite\">\n            <p>\n                You have to finish following quiz, to start this quiz:                <span><\/span>\n            <\/p>\n        <\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_results\">\n\t\t\t        <div class=\"wpProQuiz_addToplist\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <span style=\"font-weight: bold;\">Your result has been entered into leaderboard<\/span>\n\n            <div style=\"margin-top: 6px;\">\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_addToplistMessage\" style=\"display: none;\">Loading<\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_addBox\">\n                    <div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label>\n                                Name: <input type=\"text\" placeholder=\"Name\" name=\"wpProQuiz_toplistName\" maxlength=\"15\" size=\"16\"\n                                                                            style=\"width: 150px;\">\n                            <\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<label>\n                                E-Mail: <input type=\"email\"\n                                                                              placeholder=\"E-Mail\"\n                                                                              name=\"wpProQuiz_toplistEmail\" size=\"20\"\n                                                                              style=\"width: 150px;\">\n                            <\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\n                        <div style=\"margin-top: 5px;\">\n                            <label>\n                                Captcha: <input type=\"text\" name=\"wpProQuiz_captcha\"\n                                                                               size=\"8\" style=\"width: 50px;\">\n                            <\/label>\n                            <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"wpProQuiz_captchaPrefix\" value=\"0\">\n                            <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"captcha\" src=\"\" class=\"wpProQuiz_captchaImg\" style=\"vertical-align: middle;\">\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button2\" type=\"submit\" value=\"Send\"\n                           name=\"wpProQuiz_toplistAdd\">\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_results_content\">\n                <h4 class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">Results<\/h4>\n                                    <p>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_correct_answer\">0<\/span> of <span>10<\/span> questions answered correctly                    <\/p>\n                                    <p class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz_time\">\n                        Your time: <span><\/span>                    <\/p>\n                                <p class=\"wpProQuiz_time_limit_expired\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                    Time has elapsed                <\/p>\n                                    <p class=\"wpProQuiz_points\">\n                        You have reached <span>0<\/span> of <span>0<\/span> points, (<span>0<\/span>)                    <\/p>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_resultTable\">\n                        <table>\n                            <tbody>\n                            <tr>\n                                <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultName\">Average score<\/td>\n                                <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultValue\">\n                                    <div style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n                                    <span>&nbsp;<\/span>\n                                <\/td>\n                            <\/tr>\n                            <tr>\n                                <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultName\">Your score<\/td>\n                                <td class=\"wpProQuiz_resultValue\">\n                                    <div style=\"background-color: #F79646;\">&nbsp;<\/div>\n                                    <span>&nbsp;<\/span>\n                                <\/td>\n                            <\/tr>\n                            <\/tbody>\n                        <\/table>\n                    <\/div>\n                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_catOverview\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                    <h4>Categories<\/h4>\n\n                    <div style=\"margin-top: 10px;\">\n                        <ol>\n                                                            <li data-category_id=\"0\">\n                                    <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catName\">Not categorized<\/span>\n                                    <span class=\"wpProQuiz_catPercent\">0%<\/span>\n                                <\/li>\n                                                    <\/ol>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div>\n                    <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_resultsList\">\n                                                    <li style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div>\n                                                                    <\/div>\n                            <\/li>\n                                            <\/ul>\n                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"margin: 10px 0px;\">\n                                            <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" name=\"restartQuiz\"\n                               value=\"Restart quiz\">\n                                            <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" name=\"reShowQuestion\"\n                               value=\"View questions\">\n                                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_button\" type=\"button\" name=\"showToplist\"\n                               value=\"Show leaderboard\">\n                                    <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_toplistShowInButton\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 30px; margin-top: 10px;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_toplist\"\n             data-quiz_id=\"267\">\n                        <table class=\"wpProQuiz_toplistTable\">\n                <caption>maximum of 10 points<\/caption>\n                <thead>\n                <tr>\n                    <th style=\"width: 40px;\">Pos.<\/th>\n                    <th style=\"text-align: left !important;\">Name<\/th>\n                    <th style=\"width: 140px;\">Entered on<\/th>\n                    <th style=\"width: 60px;\">Points<\/th>\n                    <th style=\"width: 75px;\">Result<\/th>\n                <\/tr>\n                <\/thead>\n                <tbody>\n                <tr>\n                    <td colspan=\"5\">Table is loading<\/td>\n                <\/tr>\n                <tr style=\"display: none;\">\n                    <td colspan=\"5\">No data available<\/td>\n                <\/tr>\n                <tr style=\"display: none;\">\n                    <td><\/td>\n                    <td style=\"text-align: left !important;\"><\/td>\n                    <td style=\" color: rgb(124, 124, 124); font-size: x-small;\"><\/td>\n                    <td><\/td>\n                    <td><\/td>\n                <\/tr>\n                <\/tbody>\n            <\/table>\n        <\/div>\n\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewDiv\" style=\"display: none;\">\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewQuestion\">\n                <ol>\n                                            <li>1<\/li>\n                                            <li>2<\/li>\n                                            <li>3<\/li>\n                                            <li>4<\/li>\n                                            <li>5<\/li>\n                                            <li>6<\/li>\n                                            <li>7<\/li>\n                                            <li>8<\/li>\n                                            <li>9<\/li>\n                                            <li>10<\/li>\n                                    <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewLegend\">\n                <ol>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #6CA54C;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Answered<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                    <li>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewColor\" style=\"background-color: #FFB800;\"><\/span>\n                        <span class=\"wpProQuiz_reviewText\">Review<\/span>\n                    <\/li>\n                <\/ol>\n                <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n            <div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_quizAnker\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/div>\n                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_quiz\">\n            <ol class=\"wpProQuiz_list\">\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>1<\/span> of <span>10<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: inline-block;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>1<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                                                    <span style=\"font-weight: bold; float: right;\">1 points<\/span>\n                            <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <p>Consider the following statements regarding FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) Committee on Forestry:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>It is the highest intergovernmental body on forestry of the Food and Agriculture Organization.<\/li>\n<li>It convenes its meeting biennially at the FAO headquarters in Rome, Italy.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"2654\"\n                                data-type=\"single\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2654\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> a. 1 only                                             <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2654\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> b. 2 only                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2654\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> c. Both 1 and 2                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2654\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> d. Neither 1 nor 2                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><strong>Answer: c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Recently, India showcased its forest and landscape restoration at the Twenty-eighth Session of the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) Committee on Forestry (COFO 28) held in Rome.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>About FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) Committee on Forestry:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is <strong>FAO\u2019s (Food and Agriculture Organization)<\/strong> highest global <strong>intergovernmental body<\/strong> on forestry.<\/li>\n<li>It guides the organisation\u2019s work and fostering <strong>international collaboration, policy dialogue<\/strong>, and technical guidance on forest-related issues.<\/li>\n<li>It was <strong>established by<\/strong> the Conference at its <strong>Sixteenth Session in 1971.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Governance: <\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>COFO reports to the <strong>FAO Council<\/strong> on matters related to programmes and budgets, and to the <strong>FAO Conference<\/strong> on policy and regulatory issues.<\/li>\n<li>Its work is informed by <strong>six Regional Forestry Commissions<\/strong>, which review regional forestry priorities and inform global policy discussions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Meetings:<\/strong> It convenes <strong>biennially (every two years)<\/strong> at the <strong>FAO headquarters in Rome<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li>It brings <strong>together\u00a0128 Members, <\/strong>convening ministers, heads of forest services, senior government officials and partner organizations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Key Functions of Committee on Forestry:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>It reviews the <strong>programmes of work of the Organization<\/strong> in the field of forestry and reviews forestry problems of an international nature, evaluating said problems with a view to concerted action by Member Nations and the Organization.<\/li>\n<li>It oversees the\u202f <strong>Working Group on Dryland Forests and Agrosilvopastoral<\/strong> Systems, which supports the development of a comprehensive understanding of dryland ecosystems.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hence both statements are correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?PRID=2316216&amp;reg=48&amp;lang=1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?PRID=2316216&#038;reg=48&#038;lang=1\" rel=\"nofollow ugc noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?PRID=2316216&#038;reg=48&#038;lang=1<\/a><\/strong><\/a><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><strong>Answer: c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Recently, India showcased its forest and landscape restoration at the Twenty-eighth Session of the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) Committee on Forestry (COFO 28) held in Rome.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>About FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) Committee on Forestry:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is <strong>FAO\u2019s (Food and Agriculture Organization)<\/strong> highest global <strong>intergovernmental body<\/strong> on forestry.<\/li>\n<li>It guides the organisation\u2019s work and fostering <strong>international collaboration, policy dialogue<\/strong>, and technical guidance on forest-related issues.<\/li>\n<li>It was <strong>established by<\/strong> the Conference at its <strong>Sixteenth Session in 1971.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Governance: <\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>COFO reports to the <strong>FAO Council<\/strong> on matters related to programmes and budgets, and to the <strong>FAO Conference<\/strong> on policy and regulatory issues.<\/li>\n<li>Its work is informed by <strong>six Regional Forestry Commissions<\/strong>, which review regional forestry priorities and inform global policy discussions.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Meetings:<\/strong> It convenes <strong>biennially (every two years)<\/strong> at the <strong>FAO headquarters in Rome<\/strong>,<\/li>\n<li>It brings <strong>together\u00a0128 Members, <\/strong>convening ministers, heads of forest services, senior government officials and partner organizations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Key Functions of Committee on Forestry:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>It reviews the <strong>programmes of work of the Organization<\/strong> in the field of forestry and reviews forestry problems of an international nature, evaluating said problems with a view to concerted action by Member Nations and the Organization.<\/li>\n<li>It oversees the\u202f <strong>Working Group on Dryland Forests and Agrosilvopastoral<\/strong> Systems, which supports the development of a comprehensive understanding of dryland ecosystems.\u00a0\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hence both statements are correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?PRID=2316216&amp;reg=48&amp;lang=1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?PRID=2316216&#038;reg=48&#038;lang=1\" rel=\"nofollow ugc noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?PRID=2316216&#038;reg=48&#038;lang=1<\/a><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                                                    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>2<\/span> of <span>10<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: inline-block;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>2<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                                                    <span style=\"font-weight: bold; float: right;\">1 points<\/span>\n                            <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <p>Consider the following statements regarding Fukutoku-Okanoba Volcano:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>It is an active submarine volcano located in the Pacific Ocean.<\/li>\n<li>It is part of the Izu-Bonin arc formed by subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Philippine Sea Plate.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"2655\"\n                                data-type=\"single\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2655\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> a. 1 only                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2655\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> b. 2 only                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2655\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> c. Both 1 and 2                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2655\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> d. Neither 1 nor 2                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><strong>Answer: c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Japan\u2019s Coast Guard recently reported signs of activity at the Fukutoku-Okanoba submarine volcano.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>About Fukutoku-Okanoba Volcano:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is an <strong>active submarine volcano<\/strong> that is part of the <strong>Volcano Islands<\/strong> <strong>of Japan <\/strong>in the <strong>Pacific Ocean. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It is part of the<strong> Izu-Bonin arc <\/strong>formed by<strong> subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath<\/strong> the <strong>Philippine Sea Plate. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Its <strong>summit <\/strong>is just <strong>14 meters<\/strong> (46 feet) <strong>below sea level,<\/strong> allowing <strong>Surtseyan eruptions<\/strong> to <strong>breach the surface. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Composition <\/strong>is <strong>tholeiitic basalt<\/strong>, typical of arc front volcanism.<\/li>\n<li>It <strong>remains active<\/strong> with intermittent submarine <strong>eruptions and discoloured water<\/strong> since 2013.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Eruptions are explosive<\/strong> with <strong>pumice rafts, <\/strong>discoloured water, and <strong>occasional ephemeral island formation. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The <strong>2021 eruption<\/strong> produced <strong>massive pumice rafts<\/strong> that <strong>drifted thousands of kilometres <\/strong>across the Pacific, impacting shipping and beaches.<\/li>\n<li>The volcano&#8217;s<strong> frequent activity and shallow depth<\/strong> make it one of the most dynamic submarines, with eruptions often detected by satellite discoloration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hence both statements are correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>News<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reutersconnect.com\/item\/japan-detects-signs-of-activity-at-fukutoku-okanoba-submarine-volcano\/dGFnOnJldXRlcnMuY29tLDIwMjY6bmV3c21sX09XQU5BQ0FBVklERU8yMDI2MDkyOTQyNjAwNDcx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.reutersconnect.com\/item\/japan-detects-signs-of-activity-at-fukutoku-okanoba-submarine-volcano\/dGFnOnJldXRlcnMuY29tLDIwMjY6bmV3c21sX09XQU5BQ0FBVklERU8yMDI2MDkyOTQyNjAwNDcx<\/a><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><strong>Answer: c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Japan\u2019s Coast Guard recently reported signs of activity at the Fukutoku-Okanoba submarine volcano.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>About Fukutoku-Okanoba Volcano:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is an <strong>active submarine volcano<\/strong> that is part of the <strong>Volcano Islands<\/strong> <strong>of Japan <\/strong>in the <strong>Pacific Ocean. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It is part of the<strong> Izu-Bonin arc <\/strong>formed by<strong> subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath<\/strong> the <strong>Philippine Sea Plate. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Its <strong>summit <\/strong>is just <strong>14 meters<\/strong> (46 feet) <strong>below sea level,<\/strong> allowing <strong>Surtseyan eruptions<\/strong> to <strong>breach the surface. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Composition <\/strong>is <strong>tholeiitic basalt<\/strong>, typical of arc front volcanism.<\/li>\n<li>It <strong>remains active<\/strong> with intermittent submarine <strong>eruptions and discoloured water<\/strong> since 2013.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Eruptions are explosive<\/strong> with <strong>pumice rafts, <\/strong>discoloured water, and <strong>occasional ephemeral island formation. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The <strong>2021 eruption<\/strong> produced <strong>massive pumice rafts<\/strong> that <strong>drifted thousands of kilometres <\/strong>across the Pacific, impacting shipping and beaches.<\/li>\n<li>The volcano&#8217;s<strong> frequent activity and shallow depth<\/strong> make it one of the most dynamic submarines, with eruptions often detected by satellite discoloration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hence both statements are correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>News<\/strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.reutersconnect.com\/item\/japan-detects-signs-of-activity-at-fukutoku-okanoba-submarine-volcano\/dGFnOnJldXRlcnMuY29tLDIwMjY6bmV3c21sX09XQU5BQ0FBVklERU8yMDI2MDkyOTQyNjAwNDcx\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.reutersconnect.com\/item\/japan-detects-signs-of-activity-at-fukutoku-okanoba-submarine-volcano\/dGFnOnJldXRlcnMuY29tLDIwMjY6bmV3c21sX09XQU5BQ0FBVklERU8yMDI2MDkyOTQyNjAwNDcx<\/a><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                                                    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>3<\/span> of <span>10<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: inline-block;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>3<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                                                    <span style=\"font-weight: bold; float: right;\">1 points<\/span>\n                            <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <p>Vasundhara Lake, recently in news, is located in:<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"2656\"\n                                data-type=\"single\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2656\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> a. Himachal Pradesh                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2656\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> b. Sikkim                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2656\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> c. Odisha                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2656\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> d. Uttarakhand                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><strong>Answer: d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0The Uttarakhand state is installing first early-warning system at Vasundhara Tal in Chamoli to monitor it in real time.<\/p>\n<p><strong>About Vasundhara Lake:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Location: <\/strong>It is a high-altitude <strong>glacial lake<\/strong> located in Chamoli <strong>district of Uttarakhand.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It is situated at an elevation of about 4,795 meters in the <strong>Raikana valley.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It serves as an originating <strong>source for the Dhauliganga River<\/strong>, a vital tributary of the Alaknanda.<\/li>\n<li>The lake sits at the snout of the <strong>Raikana Glacier which is the primary source of this lake.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It was <strong>classified as Category A,<\/strong> the highest-risk category lake by the <strong>National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hence option (d) is the correct answer<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/uttarakhands-first-glacial-lake-early-warning-system-10899840\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/uttarakhands-first-glacial-lake-early-warning-system-10899840\/<\/a><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><strong>Answer: d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0The Uttarakhand state is installing first early-warning system at Vasundhara Tal in Chamoli to monitor it in real time.<\/p>\n<p><strong>About Vasundhara Lake:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Location: <\/strong>It is a high-altitude <strong>glacial lake<\/strong> located in Chamoli <strong>district of Uttarakhand.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It is situated at an elevation of about 4,795 meters in the <strong>Raikana valley.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It serves as an originating <strong>source for the Dhauliganga River<\/strong>, a vital tributary of the Alaknanda.<\/li>\n<li>The lake sits at the snout of the <strong>Raikana Glacier which is the primary source of this lake.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It was <strong>classified as Category A,<\/strong> the highest-risk category lake by the <strong>National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hence option (d) is the correct answer<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/uttarakhands-first-glacial-lake-early-warning-system-10899840\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/uttarakhands-first-glacial-lake-early-warning-system-10899840\/<\/a><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                                                    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>4<\/span> of <span>10<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: inline-block;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>4<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                                                    <span style=\"font-weight: bold; float: right;\">1 points<\/span>\n                            <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <p>With reference to Mandar instrument, consider the following statements:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>It is a traditional percussion musical instrument.<\/li>\n<li>It is mainly used in folk culture and tribal life of Arunachal Pradesh.<\/li>\n<li>It is officially recognised with a Geographical Indication tag.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>How many of the above statements are correct?<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"2657\"\n                                data-type=\"single\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2657\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> a. Only one                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2657\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> b. Only two                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2657\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> c. All three                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2657\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> d. None                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><strong>Answer: b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The traditional musical instrument Mandar, has received official recognition with a Geographical Indication tag.<\/p>\n<p><strong>About Mandar instrument:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is a <strong>traditional musical instrument <\/strong>deeply rooted in the <strong>folk culture and tribal life of Jharkhand.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Key Features of Mandar Instrument:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Structure:<\/strong> The Mandar <strong>is a percussion<\/strong> instrument characterised by its distinctive <strong>cylindrical shape<\/strong> made from red clay, which slightly bulges in the middle.<\/li>\n<li>The structure is hollow, with its <strong>openings covered by leather<\/strong> on both sides.<\/li>\n<li>The right opening is smaller, while the left is larger.<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>leather coverings are secured<\/strong> using braided cords.<\/li>\n<li>A <strong>special coating, known as Kiran,<\/strong> is applied to the smaller opening, giving Mandar its resonant and unique sound.<\/li>\n<li>When played, the musician often moves rhythmically, carrying the instrument using a rope slung over the shoulder.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>It serves as the primary instrument played <strong>during festivals, crop celebrations, religious rituals, and cultural events. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It is deeply integrated into the lives of both tribal and non-tribal communities, having been used for centuries in various dance and song performances.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hence only statements 1 and 3 are correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/newsonair.gov.in\/jharkhands-traditional-musical-instrument-mandar-gets-geographical-indication-tag\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/newsonair.gov.in\/jharkhands-traditional-musical-instrument-mandar-gets-geographical-indication-tag\/\" rel=\"nofollow ugc noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/newsonair.gov.in\/jharkhands-traditional-musical-instrument-mandar-gets-geographical-indication-tag\/<\/a><\/strong><\/a><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><strong>Answer: b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The traditional musical instrument Mandar, has received official recognition with a Geographical Indication tag.<\/p>\n<p><strong>About Mandar instrument:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is a <strong>traditional musical instrument <\/strong>deeply rooted in the <strong>folk culture and tribal life of Jharkhand.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Key Features of Mandar Instrument:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Structure:<\/strong> The Mandar <strong>is a percussion<\/strong> instrument characterised by its distinctive <strong>cylindrical shape<\/strong> made from red clay, which slightly bulges in the middle.<\/li>\n<li>The structure is hollow, with its <strong>openings covered by leather<\/strong> on both sides.<\/li>\n<li>The right opening is smaller, while the left is larger.<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>leather coverings are secured<\/strong> using braided cords.<\/li>\n<li>A <strong>special coating, known as Kiran,<\/strong> is applied to the smaller opening, giving Mandar its resonant and unique sound.<\/li>\n<li>When played, the musician often moves rhythmically, carrying the instrument using a rope slung over the shoulder.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>It serves as the primary instrument played <strong>during festivals, crop celebrations, religious rituals, and cultural events. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It is deeply integrated into the lives of both tribal and non-tribal communities, having been used for centuries in various dance and song performances.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hence only statements 1 and 3 are correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/newsonair.gov.in\/jharkhands-traditional-musical-instrument-mandar-gets-geographical-indication-tag\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/newsonair.gov.in\/jharkhands-traditional-musical-instrument-mandar-gets-geographical-indication-tag\/\" rel=\"nofollow ugc noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/newsonair.gov.in\/jharkhands-traditional-musical-instrument-mandar-gets-geographical-indication-tag\/<\/a><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                                                    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>5<\/span> of <span>10<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: inline-block;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>5<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                                                    <span style=\"font-weight: bold; float: right;\">1 points<\/span>\n                            <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <p>Consider the following statements regarding International Whaling Commission:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>It is an intergovernmental organization established to regulate whaling and promote the conservation of whale populations.<\/li>\n<li>Under its framework countries that do not hunt whales cannot join this organization.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"2658\"\n                                data-type=\"single\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2658\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> a. 1 only                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2658\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> b. 2 only                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2658\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> c. Both 1 and 2                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2658\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> d. Neither 1 nor 2                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><strong>Answer: a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>India has reaffirmed its commitment to the conservation of whales and other cetaceans (marine mammals) at the 70th meeting of the International Whaling Commission (IWC-70) held in Hobart, Australia, recently.<\/p>\n<p><strong>About International Whaling Commission:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is an <strong>intergovernmental organization<\/strong> established to <strong>regulate whaling<\/strong> and promote the<strong> conservation of whale populations. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It was established under the <strong>1946<\/strong> <strong>International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Formed in <strong>response to the alarming decline of whale stocks in the 1930s, <\/strong>the IWC initially aimed to ensure sustainable whaling practices among its member nations.<\/li>\n<li>The Convention also <strong>applies to factory ships, land stations, and whale catchers<\/strong> under the jurisdiction of the contracting governments, and <strong>to all waters in which they carry out whaling. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Membership<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Beginning in 1979, IWC membership started to grow: 23 members in 1979, 41 by 1985. Currently, there are<strong> 88 contracting governments. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Countries that do not hunt whales can also join<\/strong> the IWC.<\/li>\n<li>Some of the current <strong>members include: Australia<\/strong>, Brazil, <strong>China<\/strong>, Denmark, <strong>France<\/strong>, Germany, <strong>Iceland<\/strong>, <strong>India<\/strong>, <strong>Japan (until 2019)<\/strong>, Mexico, New Zealand, <strong>Norway<\/strong>, <strong>Russia<\/strong>, South Africa, Sweden, United Kingdom, and <strong>United States. <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The IWC&#8217;s <strong>main office <\/strong>is in Impington, near <strong>Cambridge, England. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>There are generally <strong>three types of whaling<\/strong> that the <strong>Commission regulates:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u25cf\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Commercial Whaling:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>In 1986, a global moratorium<\/strong>, or a temporary ban, on commercial whaling was adopted due to the overexploitation of whale stocks.<\/li>\n<li>The Commission has also <strong>designated sanctuary areas<\/strong> in the <strong>Indian and Southern Oceans <\/strong>where<strong> commercial whaling is not allowed. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Although the <strong>moratorium is still in place<\/strong>, <strong>some countries<\/strong>, such as<strong> Norway<\/strong> and <strong>Iceland<\/strong>, continue to <strong>engage in commercial whaling <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u25cf\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Scientific Research Whaling:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Article VIII of the Convention <strong>allows <\/strong>contracting <strong>governments to issue special permits<\/strong> authorizing the taking of whales for purposes of<strong> scientific research. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Japan\u2019s lethal scientific research<\/strong> in the <strong>North Pacific and Southern Oceans<\/strong> under such special permits <strong>ended in 2019 with their withdrawal <\/strong>from the Convention.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u25cf\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Subsistence Whaling:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The Commission also <strong>regulates aboriginal subsistence whaling <\/strong>(whaling by native people to sustain themselves).<\/li>\n<li>Currently, the Commission <strong>permits indigenous communities<\/strong> in <strong>Denmark <\/strong>(Greenland), the <strong>Russian Federation,<\/strong> <strong> Vincent and the Grenadines,<\/strong> and the <strong>United States<\/strong> to engage in this type of whaling on certain whale stocks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Over the years, the IWC has faced significant\n<ul>\n<li>It<strong> does not have<\/strong> a way to <strong>force countries to follow its rules or punish<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It often becomes a platform for member nations to negotiate over whaling quotas rather than prioritizing conservation efforts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>In <strong>2018<\/strong>, the IWC members made the <strong>&#8220;Florian\u00f3polis Declaration.&#8221;<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>They <strong>decided <\/strong>that the IWC&#8217;s <strong>main purpose<\/strong> is to <strong>protect whales forever. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>They also want all <strong>whale populations to return to their numbers<\/strong> before large-scale whaling began.<\/li>\n<li>The declaration also stated that using <strong>deadly methods for research is not needed. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>After this, Japan announced <\/strong>on December 26, 2018, that it was <strong>leaving the IWC. <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hence only statement 1 is correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>News: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newindianexpress.com\/amp\/story\/india\/2026\/Sep\/29\/india-advocates-for-collaborative-conservation-strategies-at-international-whaling-commission\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.newindianexpress.com\/amp\/story\/india\/2026\/Sep\/29\/india-advocates-for-collaborative-conservation-strategies-at-international-whaling-commission<\/a><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><strong>Answer: a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>India has reaffirmed its commitment to the conservation of whales and other cetaceans (marine mammals) at the 70th meeting of the International Whaling Commission (IWC-70) held in Hobart, Australia, recently.<\/p>\n<p><strong>About International Whaling Commission:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is an <strong>intergovernmental organization<\/strong> established to <strong>regulate whaling<\/strong> and promote the<strong> conservation of whale populations. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It was established under the <strong>1946<\/strong> <strong>International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Formed in <strong>response to the alarming decline of whale stocks in the 1930s, <\/strong>the IWC initially aimed to ensure sustainable whaling practices among its member nations.<\/li>\n<li>The Convention also <strong>applies to factory ships, land stations, and whale catchers<\/strong> under the jurisdiction of the contracting governments, and <strong>to all waters in which they carry out whaling. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Membership<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>Beginning in 1979, IWC membership started to grow: 23 members in 1979, 41 by 1985. Currently, there are<strong> 88 contracting governments. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Countries that do not hunt whales can also join<\/strong> the IWC.<\/li>\n<li>Some of the current <strong>members include: Australia<\/strong>, Brazil, <strong>China<\/strong>, Denmark, <strong>France<\/strong>, Germany, <strong>Iceland<\/strong>, <strong>India<\/strong>, <strong>Japan (until 2019)<\/strong>, Mexico, New Zealand, <strong>Norway<\/strong>, <strong>Russia<\/strong>, South Africa, Sweden, United Kingdom, and <strong>United States. <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The IWC&#8217;s <strong>main office <\/strong>is in Impington, near <strong>Cambridge, England. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>There are generally <strong>three types of whaling<\/strong> that the <strong>Commission regulates:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u25cf\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Commercial Whaling:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>In 1986, a global moratorium<\/strong>, or a temporary ban, on commercial whaling was adopted due to the overexploitation of whale stocks.<\/li>\n<li>The Commission has also <strong>designated sanctuary areas<\/strong> in the <strong>Indian and Southern Oceans <\/strong>where<strong> commercial whaling is not allowed. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Although the <strong>moratorium is still in place<\/strong>, <strong>some countries<\/strong>, such as<strong> Norway<\/strong> and <strong>Iceland<\/strong>, continue to <strong>engage in commercial whaling <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u25cf\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Scientific Research Whaling:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Article VIII of the Convention <strong>allows <\/strong>contracting <strong>governments to issue special permits<\/strong> authorizing the taking of whales for purposes of<strong> scientific research. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Japan\u2019s lethal scientific research<\/strong> in the <strong>North Pacific and Southern Oceans<\/strong> under such special permits <strong>ended in 2019 with their withdrawal <\/strong>from the Convention.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u25cf\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Subsistence Whaling:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The Commission also <strong>regulates aboriginal subsistence whaling <\/strong>(whaling by native people to sustain themselves).<\/li>\n<li>Currently, the Commission <strong>permits indigenous communities<\/strong> in <strong>Denmark <\/strong>(Greenland), the <strong>Russian Federation,<\/strong> <strong> Vincent and the Grenadines,<\/strong> and the <strong>United States<\/strong> to engage in this type of whaling on certain whale stocks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Over the years, the IWC has faced significant\n<ul>\n<li>It<strong> does not have<\/strong> a way to <strong>force countries to follow its rules or punish<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It often becomes a platform for member nations to negotiate over whaling quotas rather than prioritizing conservation efforts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>In <strong>2018<\/strong>, the IWC members made the <strong>&#8220;Florian\u00f3polis Declaration.&#8221;<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>They <strong>decided <\/strong>that the IWC&#8217;s <strong>main purpose<\/strong> is to <strong>protect whales forever. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>They also want all <strong>whale populations to return to their numbers<\/strong> before large-scale whaling began.<\/li>\n<li>The declaration also stated that using <strong>deadly methods for research is not needed. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>After this, Japan announced <\/strong>on December 26, 2018, that it was <strong>leaving the IWC. <\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hence only statement 1 is correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>News: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newindianexpress.com\/amp\/story\/india\/2026\/Sep\/29\/india-advocates-for-collaborative-conservation-strategies-at-international-whaling-commission\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.newindianexpress.com\/amp\/story\/india\/2026\/Sep\/29\/india-advocates-for-collaborative-conservation-strategies-at-international-whaling-commission<\/a><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                                                    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>6<\/span> of <span>10<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: inline-block;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>6<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                                                    <span style=\"font-weight: bold; float: right;\">1 points<\/span>\n                            <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <p>Consider the following statements regarding UNICORN Radar System:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>It is a mast with integrated communication systems that is engineered enhance a warship&#8217;s stealth and situational awareness.<\/li>\n<li>It is developed by the Defence Research and development Organisation.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"2659\"\n                                data-type=\"single\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2659\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> a. 1 only                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2659\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> b. 2 only                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2659\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> c. Both 1 and 2                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2659\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> d. Neither 1 nor 2                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><strong>Answer: a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Japan recently called on India to fast-track internal official processing of the agreement on the UNICORN (Unified Complex Radio Antenna) naval radar system.<\/p>\n<p><strong>About UNICORN Radar System:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>UNICORN, also known as <strong>NORA-50<\/strong>, is a <strong>shipborne integrated antenna system.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It is a <strong>mast with integrated communication systems<\/strong> that is engineered to dramatically <strong>enhance a warship&#8217;s stealth <\/strong>and situational awareness.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Developed jointly by three Japanese companies<\/strong> (NEC Corporation, Sampa Kogyo K.K., and The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd.), the system is <strong>already in service aboard Japan\u2019s Mogami-class frigates. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>What does UNICORN do?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Conventional warships<\/strong> typically carry <strong>several exposed antennas<\/strong> \u2013 for radar, communications, and electronic warfare \u2013 bolted onto a mast.<\/li>\n<li>Each of these surfaces adds to a ship\u2019s radar cross-section, making it easier for an adversary to detect.<\/li>\n<li><strong>UNICORN <\/strong>does away with that arrangement by <strong>consolidating multiple antennas into a single enclosed radome mounted on one mast<\/strong>, cutting down the number of reflective surfaces a hostile radar can pick up.<\/li>\n<li>Its design stacks the antennas vertically inside a <strong>bar-shaped dome,<\/strong> <strong>moving components<\/strong> such as the tactical air navigation antenna<strong> from an exposed position at the top of the mast to a more sheltered spot lower down. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>A lightning diverter strip runs across the mast&#8217;s surface as a safety measure, given the exposure of ships at sea to lightning strikes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Inside this unified mast<\/strong> are several <strong>vital subsystems,<\/strong> including those for tactical data links, Tactical Air Navigation Systems (TACAN), Identification Friend or Foe (IFF), Electronic Support Measures (ESM), and general communications.<\/li>\n<li>This innovation significantly <strong>reduces the cross-section of naval platforms,<\/strong> thereby <strong>enhancing their stealth characteristics <\/strong>and enabling them to operate with <strong>reduced electronic signatures. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Beyond stealth, the system is also designed to <strong>reduce mutual interference between closely packed antennas,<\/strong> <strong>improve the range<\/strong> at which external radio signals can be detected, and <strong>simplify installation and maintenance.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>India-Japan Agreement:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>India and Japan signed a Memorandum of Implementation (MOI) on 15 November <strong>2024 <\/strong>for the <strong>co-development of<\/strong> UNICORN masts.<\/li>\n<li>It is the <strong>first military hardware co-development pact between the two countries. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Japan <\/strong>will p<strong>rovide the design and engineering support, <\/strong>while <strong>India <\/strong>will handle <strong>integration, adaptation, and co-production through Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL). <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The integrated mast is expected to gradually <strong>replace <\/strong>existing communication and <strong>sensor mast systems across the Navy&#8217;s fleet.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hence only statement 1 is correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>News: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/ccidist-ws\/th\/th_delhi\/issues\/206787\/OPS\/GJMGJLVGN.1+GAKGJNIJD.1.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/ccidist-ws\/th\/th_delhi\/issues\/206787\/OPS\/GJMGJLVGN.1+GAKGJNIJD.1.html<\/a><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><strong>Answer: a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Japan recently called on India to fast-track internal official processing of the agreement on the UNICORN (Unified Complex Radio Antenna) naval radar system.<\/p>\n<p><strong>About UNICORN Radar System:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>UNICORN, also known as <strong>NORA-50<\/strong>, is a <strong>shipborne integrated antenna system.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It is a <strong>mast with integrated communication systems<\/strong> that is engineered to dramatically <strong>enhance a warship&#8217;s stealth <\/strong>and situational awareness.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Developed jointly by three Japanese companies<\/strong> (NEC Corporation, Sampa Kogyo K.K., and The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd.), the system is <strong>already in service aboard Japan\u2019s Mogami-class frigates. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>What does UNICORN do?<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Conventional warships<\/strong> typically carry <strong>several exposed antennas<\/strong> \u2013 for radar, communications, and electronic warfare \u2013 bolted onto a mast.<\/li>\n<li>Each of these surfaces adds to a ship\u2019s radar cross-section, making it easier for an adversary to detect.<\/li>\n<li><strong>UNICORN <\/strong>does away with that arrangement by <strong>consolidating multiple antennas into a single enclosed radome mounted on one mast<\/strong>, cutting down the number of reflective surfaces a hostile radar can pick up.<\/li>\n<li>Its design stacks the antennas vertically inside a <strong>bar-shaped dome,<\/strong> <strong>moving components<\/strong> such as the tactical air navigation antenna<strong> from an exposed position at the top of the mast to a more sheltered spot lower down. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>A lightning diverter strip runs across the mast&#8217;s surface as a safety measure, given the exposure of ships at sea to lightning strikes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Inside this unified mast<\/strong> are several <strong>vital subsystems,<\/strong> including those for tactical data links, Tactical Air Navigation Systems (TACAN), Identification Friend or Foe (IFF), Electronic Support Measures (ESM), and general communications.<\/li>\n<li>This innovation significantly <strong>reduces the cross-section of naval platforms,<\/strong> thereby <strong>enhancing their stealth characteristics <\/strong>and enabling them to operate with <strong>reduced electronic signatures. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Beyond stealth, the system is also designed to <strong>reduce mutual interference between closely packed antennas,<\/strong> <strong>improve the range<\/strong> at which external radio signals can be detected, and <strong>simplify installation and maintenance.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>India-Japan Agreement:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>India and Japan signed a Memorandum of Implementation (MOI) on 15 November <strong>2024 <\/strong>for the <strong>co-development of<\/strong> UNICORN masts.<\/li>\n<li>It is the <strong>first military hardware co-development pact between the two countries. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Japan <\/strong>will p<strong>rovide the design and engineering support, <\/strong>while <strong>India <\/strong>will handle <strong>integration, adaptation, and co-production through Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL). <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The integrated mast is expected to gradually <strong>replace <\/strong>existing communication and <strong>sensor mast systems across the Navy&#8217;s fleet.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hence only statement 1 is correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>News: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/ccidist-ws\/th\/th_delhi\/issues\/206787\/OPS\/GJMGJLVGN.1+GAKGJNIJD.1.html\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/ccidist-ws\/th\/th_delhi\/issues\/206787\/OPS\/GJMGJLVGN.1+GAKGJNIJD.1.html<\/a><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                                                    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>7<\/span> of <span>10<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: inline-block;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>7<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                                                    <span style=\"font-weight: bold; float: right;\">1 points<\/span>\n                            <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <p>Didymocarpus nautiyalii, recently in news, is a:<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"2660\"\n                                data-type=\"single\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2660\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> a. Gecko                                             <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2660\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> b. Fish                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2660\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> c. Invasive Insect                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2660\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> d. Plant species                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><strong>Answer: d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Botanists recently discovered a new plant species Didymocarpus nautiyalii in Arunachal Pradesh\u2019s Shi-Yomi district, highlighting the rich botanical diversity of the Eastern Himalaya.<\/p>\n<p><strong>About Didymocarpus nautiyalii:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is a <strong>new plant species.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It was discovered in<strong> Arunachal Pradesh<\/strong>\u2019s Shi-Yomi district.<\/li>\n<li>It belongs to the <strong>Gesneriaceae<\/strong>, a<strong> family of flowering plants. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The <strong>small herb <\/strong>grows on <strong>moist rock surface<\/strong>s, including roadside walls and areas near waterfalls, in <strong>subtropical evergreen forests<\/strong> at elevations above 1,000 metres.<\/li>\n<li>It grows to only around 8 cm and has <strong>leathery leaves<\/strong> and distinctive <strong>bluish-purple flowers. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The plant resembles Didymocarpus albiflorus but differs in several characteristics, including its much <strong>shorter stem<\/strong>, very<strong> short or absent leaf stalks<\/strong>, leathery leaf blades, smaller calyx, shorter bluish-purple corolla, and a hairless ovary.<\/li>\n<li>The researchers have currently assessed D. nautiyalii as \u2018<strong>Data Deficient\u2019<\/strong> under the IUCN Red List criteria.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hence option (d) is the correct answer<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>News: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/theprint.in\/india\/botanists-discover-plant-species-in-arunachals-shi-yomi\/3057193\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/theprint.in\/india\/botanists-discover-plant-species-in-arunachals-shi-yomi\/3057193\/<\/a><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><strong>Answer: d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Botanists recently discovered a new plant species Didymocarpus nautiyalii in Arunachal Pradesh\u2019s Shi-Yomi district, highlighting the rich botanical diversity of the Eastern Himalaya.<\/p>\n<p><strong>About Didymocarpus nautiyalii:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is a <strong>new plant species.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It was discovered in<strong> Arunachal Pradesh<\/strong>\u2019s Shi-Yomi district.<\/li>\n<li>It belongs to the <strong>Gesneriaceae<\/strong>, a<strong> family of flowering plants. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The <strong>small herb <\/strong>grows on <strong>moist rock surface<\/strong>s, including roadside walls and areas near waterfalls, in <strong>subtropical evergreen forests<\/strong> at elevations above 1,000 metres.<\/li>\n<li>It grows to only around 8 cm and has <strong>leathery leaves<\/strong> and distinctive <strong>bluish-purple flowers. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The plant resembles Didymocarpus albiflorus but differs in several characteristics, including its much <strong>shorter stem<\/strong>, very<strong> short or absent leaf stalks<\/strong>, leathery leaf blades, smaller calyx, shorter bluish-purple corolla, and a hairless ovary.<\/li>\n<li>The researchers have currently assessed D. nautiyalii as \u2018<strong>Data Deficient\u2019<\/strong> under the IUCN Red List criteria.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hence option (d) is the correct answer<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>News: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/theprint.in\/india\/botanists-discover-plant-species-in-arunachals-shi-yomi\/3057193\/\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/theprint.in\/india\/botanists-discover-plant-species-in-arunachals-shi-yomi\/3057193\/<\/a><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                                                    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>8<\/span> of <span>10<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: inline-block;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>8<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                                                    <span style=\"font-weight: bold; float: right;\">1 points<\/span>\n                            <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <p>Consider the following statements regarding PRAMAAN Certificate:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>It is a nationally accepted framework for certification of forests, wood and non-timber forest products.<\/li>\n<li>It is audited by certification bodies accredited by the National Accreditation Board for Certification Bodies (NABCB) under the Quality Council of India.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"2661\"\n                                data-type=\"single\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2661\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> a. 1 only                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2661\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> b. 2 only                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2661\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> c. Both 1 and 2                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2661\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> d. Neither 1 nor 2                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><strong>Answer: c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Recently, the Union Environment, Forest and Climate Change Minister handed over India\u2019s first PRAMAAN certificates under the Indian Forest and Wood Certification Scheme (IFWCS).<\/p>\n<p><strong>About PRAMAAN Certificate:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>PRAMAAN stands for <strong>Programme for Recognition and Accreditation of sustainable Management practices for Agroforestry and Natural forestry resources.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Launched by:<\/strong> Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)<\/li>\n<li>It is a nationally accepted <strong>framework for certification<\/strong> of <strong>forests, wood and non-timber forest products.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Standards &amp; Accreditation: <\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Under the framework, Forest Management certification is assessed against <strong>Indian Forest Management Standards <\/strong>derived from the <strong>National Working Plan Code 2023.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>PRAMAAN\u2019s accreditation architecture is <strong>benchmarked against international frameworks,<\/strong> ensuring recognition among domestic and global buyers and regulators.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Audited by:<\/strong> The certification is <strong>audited by certification bodies<\/strong> accredited by the <strong>National Accreditation Board for Certification Bodies <\/strong>(NABCB) under the <strong>Quality Council of India.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Three types of Certification<\/strong> under IFWCS \u201cPRAMAAN\u201d:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Forest Management (FM) Certification:<\/strong> For recorded forest areas and forest plantations, in accordance with the Indian Forest Management Standard<\/li>\n<li><strong>Trees Outside Forests (TOF) Management Certification:<\/strong> For <strong>agroforestry systems<\/strong> and <strong>private plantations<\/strong> in accordance with the Trees Outside Forests (Management) Standard<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chain of Custody (CoC) Management Certification:<\/strong> Ensures <strong>traceability of timber<\/strong> and non-timber forest products at each step of production, from its source to the customer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Significance:<\/strong> The IFWCS-PRAMAAN certificate enhances the <strong>social, and ecological values<\/strong> of India\u2019s forests, <strong>agroforestry systems and the Indian wood-based industries.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hence both statements are correct<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?PRID=2316355&amp;reg=6&amp;lang=1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?PRID=2316355&#038;reg=6&#038;lang=1\" rel=\"nofollow ugc noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?PRID=2316355&#038;reg=6&#038;lang=1<\/a><\/strong><\/a><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><strong>Answer: c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Recently, the Union Environment, Forest and Climate Change Minister handed over India\u2019s first PRAMAAN certificates under the Indian Forest and Wood Certification Scheme (IFWCS).<\/p>\n<p><strong>About PRAMAAN Certificate:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>PRAMAAN stands for <strong>Programme for Recognition and Accreditation of sustainable Management practices for Agroforestry and Natural forestry resources.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Launched by:<\/strong> Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC)<\/li>\n<li>It is a nationally accepted <strong>framework for certification<\/strong> of <strong>forests, wood and non-timber forest products.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Standards &amp; Accreditation: <\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Under the framework, Forest Management certification is assessed against <strong>Indian Forest Management Standards <\/strong>derived from the <strong>National Working Plan Code 2023.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>PRAMAAN\u2019s accreditation architecture is <strong>benchmarked against international frameworks,<\/strong> ensuring recognition among domestic and global buyers and regulators.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Audited by:<\/strong> The certification is <strong>audited by certification bodies<\/strong> accredited by the <strong>National Accreditation Board for Certification Bodies <\/strong>(NABCB) under the <strong>Quality Council of India.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Three types of Certification<\/strong> under IFWCS \u201cPRAMAAN\u201d:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Forest Management (FM) Certification:<\/strong> For recorded forest areas and forest plantations, in accordance with the Indian Forest Management Standard<\/li>\n<li><strong>Trees Outside Forests (TOF) Management Certification:<\/strong> For <strong>agroforestry systems<\/strong> and <strong>private plantations<\/strong> in accordance with the Trees Outside Forests (Management) Standard<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chain of Custody (CoC) Management Certification:<\/strong> Ensures <strong>traceability of timber<\/strong> and non-timber forest products at each step of production, from its source to the customer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Significance:<\/strong> The IFWCS-PRAMAAN certificate enhances the <strong>social, and ecological values<\/strong> of India\u2019s forests, <strong>agroforestry systems and the Indian wood-based industries.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hence both statements are correct<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?PRID=2316355&amp;reg=6&amp;lang=1\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?PRID=2316355&#038;reg=6&#038;lang=1\" rel=\"nofollow ugc noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?PRID=2316355&#038;reg=6&#038;lang=1<\/a><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                                                    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>9<\/span> of <span>10<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: inline-block;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>9<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                                                    <span style=\"font-weight: bold; float: right;\">1 points<\/span>\n                            <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <p>With reference to Galaxy frog, consider the following statements:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>It is a small, nocturnal amphibian species.<\/li>\n<li>It is categorised as critically endangered species under the IUCN Red list.<\/li>\n<li>It is endemic to the southern Western Ghats.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>How many of the above statements are correct?<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"2662\"\n                                data-type=\"single\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2662\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> a. Only one                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2662\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> b. Only two                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2662\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> c. All three                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2662\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> d. None                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><strong>Answer: b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The rarely sighted Galaxy frog returned to the spotlight after the Additional Chief Secretary, Environment, Climate Change and Forests Department of Tamil Nadu, shared new images of the frog, as its galaxy-like spots are being studied.<\/p>\n<p><strong>About Galaxy frog:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is a <strong>small, nocturnal amphibian. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It is <strong>one of the rarest<\/strong> amphibians in the world.<\/li>\n<li>The species was<strong> first described<\/strong> in <strong>1878 <\/strong>from the <strong>Anamalai Hills of Tamil Nadu<\/strong>, and was later <strong>rediscovered in 1997, after decades<\/strong> in which it was exceptionally difficult to find.<\/li>\n<li>It belongs to the family Microhylidae and sub-family Melanobatrachinae.<\/li>\n<li>Scientific Name: Melanobatrachus indicus<\/li>\n<li>It is the <strong>sole member of its genus. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Habitat and Distribution:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>It is <strong>endemic <\/strong>to the<strong> southern Western Ghats<\/strong>, with records from parts of <strong>Kerala and Tamil Nadu. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The rarely-sighted creature lives in <strong>wet evergreen <\/strong>and other <strong>moist forest habitats,<\/strong> generally at elevations of about 1,000 to 1,500 metres.<\/li>\n<li>They are typically found in <strong>dark, moist places<\/strong> such as u<strong>nder the cover of leaf<\/strong> <strong>litter, <\/strong>rotting logs and rocks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Features:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>It has a <strong>slender, elongated body<\/strong> of <strong>uniform width. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It measures just 2-3.5 centimeters in length.<\/li>\n<li>The amphibian&#8217;s <strong>dark body<\/strong> is covered with<strong> tiny bluish-white spots<\/strong> that <strong>resemble stars, <\/strong>while <strong>flashes of scarlet-orange<\/strong> appear <strong>underneath<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conservation Status:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>IUCN Red List: <strong>Vulnerable<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hence only statements 1 and 3 are correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>News<\/strong>:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiatoday.in\/amp\/science\/story\/india-galaxy-frog-melanobatrachus-indicus-western-ghats-3005489-2026-09-29\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.indiatoday.in\/amp\/science\/story\/india-galaxy-frog-melanobatrachus-indicus-western-ghats-3005489-2026-09-29<\/a><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><strong>Answer: b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The rarely sighted Galaxy frog returned to the spotlight after the Additional Chief Secretary, Environment, Climate Change and Forests Department of Tamil Nadu, shared new images of the frog, as its galaxy-like spots are being studied.<\/p>\n<p><strong>About Galaxy frog:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is a <strong>small, nocturnal amphibian. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It is <strong>one of the rarest<\/strong> amphibians in the world.<\/li>\n<li>The species was<strong> first described<\/strong> in <strong>1878 <\/strong>from the <strong>Anamalai Hills of Tamil Nadu<\/strong>, and was later <strong>rediscovered in 1997, after decades<\/strong> in which it was exceptionally difficult to find.<\/li>\n<li>It belongs to the family Microhylidae and sub-family Melanobatrachinae.<\/li>\n<li>Scientific Name: Melanobatrachus indicus<\/li>\n<li>It is the <strong>sole member of its genus. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Habitat and Distribution:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>It is <strong>endemic <\/strong>to the<strong> southern Western Ghats<\/strong>, with records from parts of <strong>Kerala and Tamil Nadu. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The rarely-sighted creature lives in <strong>wet evergreen <\/strong>and other <strong>moist forest habitats,<\/strong> generally at elevations of about 1,000 to 1,500 metres.<\/li>\n<li>They are typically found in <strong>dark, moist places<\/strong> such as u<strong>nder the cover of leaf<\/strong> <strong>litter, <\/strong>rotting logs and rocks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Features:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>It has a <strong>slender, elongated body<\/strong> of <strong>uniform width. <\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It measures just 2-3.5 centimeters in length.<\/li>\n<li>The amphibian&#8217;s <strong>dark body<\/strong> is covered with<strong> tiny bluish-white spots<\/strong> that <strong>resemble stars, <\/strong>while <strong>flashes of scarlet-orange<\/strong> appear <strong>underneath<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Conservation Status:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>IUCN Red List: <strong>Vulnerable<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hence only statements 1 and 3 are correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>News<\/strong>:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiatoday.in\/amp\/science\/story\/india-galaxy-frog-melanobatrachus-indicus-western-ghats-3005489-2026-09-29\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.indiatoday.in\/amp\/science\/story\/india-galaxy-frog-melanobatrachus-indicus-western-ghats-3005489-2026-09-29<\/a><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                                                    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_listItem\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_question_page\" style=\"display:none;\" >\n                            Question <span>10<\/span> of <span>10<\/span>                        <\/div>\n                        <h5 style=\"display: inline-block;\"\n                            class=\"wpProQuiz_header\">\n                            <span>10<\/span>. Question                        <\/h5>\n\n                                                    <span style=\"font-weight: bold; float: right;\">1 points<\/span>\n                            <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                                                <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question\" style=\"margin: 10px 0 0 0;\">\n                            <div class=\"wpProQuiz_question_text\">\n                                <p>Consider the following statements regarding Italy:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>It is located on the Apennine Peninsula.<\/li>\n<li>It shares its border with Switzerland and Germany.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n                                                        <ul class=\"wpProQuiz_questionList\" data-question_id=\"2663\"\n                                data-type=\"single\">\n                                \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"0\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2663\"\n                                                       value=\"1\"> a. 1 only                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"1\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2663\"\n                                                       value=\"2\"> b. 2 only                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"2\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2663\"\n                                                       value=\"3\"> c. Both 1 and 2                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                    \n                                    <li class=\"wpProQuiz_questionListItem\" data-pos=\"3\">\n\n                                                                                                                                <span style=\"display:none;\"><\/span>\n                                            <label>\n                                                <input class=\"wpProQuiz_questionInput\"\n                                                       type=\"radio\"\n                                                       name=\"question_267_2663\"\n                                                       value=\"4\"> d. Neither 1 nor 2                                            <\/label>\n\n                                                                            <\/li>\n                                                                <\/ul>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"wpProQuiz_response\" style=\"display: none;\">\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_correct\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><strong>Answer: a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Recently, the 2<sup>nd<\/sup> India\u2013Italy Joint Working Group (JWG) on Tourism was held and agreed to strengthen bilateral cooperation in tourism.<\/p>\n<p><strong>About Italy:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Location:<\/strong> It is located in South-central Europe on the <strong>Apennine Peninsula.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Bordering Countries:<\/strong> It shares its border with <strong>Switzerland and Austria<\/strong> in the north, <strong>Slovenia <\/strong>in the northeast and <strong>France<\/strong> in the northwest.\u00a0\u00a0\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Vatican City and San Marino<\/strong> are the <strong>two enclaved sovereign<\/strong> states within Italy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Maritime boundaries:<\/strong> It is bordered by the <strong>Adriatic Sea<\/strong> in the <strong>east,<\/strong> the <strong>Sea of Sicily<\/strong> in the <strong>south<\/strong>, the <strong>Ionian Sea<\/strong> in the <strong>southeast<\/strong>, the <strong>Ligurian Sea<\/strong>, and the <strong>Tyrrhenian Sea <\/strong>in the<\/li>\n<li><strong>Capital City:<\/strong> Rome<\/li>\n<li><strong>Geographical Features of Italy:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Climate: <\/strong>The coastal region of Italy has a <strong>typical Mediterranean climate<\/strong> with mild winters and hot and mostly dry summers.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Topography:<\/strong> It is mostly rugged and mountainous and has some plains, <strong>coastal lowlands.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Mountain: <\/strong>The <strong>Apennine Mountains<\/strong> run along the length of the peninsula as a separate system and <strong>the Alps<\/strong> run <strong>along Italy&#8217;s northern border.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Major Rivers:<\/strong> Po (It is Italy\u2019s longest river) and Adige.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Highest Point:<\/strong> Mont Blanc\u00a0<\/li>\n<li><strong>Volcano:<\/strong> Italy <strong>is volcanic in origin<\/strong>, and a few of its many volcanoes are active, including <strong>Sicily\u2019s Mt. Etna, Stromboli<\/strong> in the Aeolian Islands.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Natural Resources:<\/strong> It mainly consists of Coal, antimony, mercury, zinc, potash, barite, asbestos, pumice, fluorspar, feldspar, pyrite (sulfur), natural gas and crude oil reserves.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hence only statement 1 is correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?PRID=2316607&amp;reg=48&amp;lang=2\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?PRID=2316607&#038;reg=48&#038;lang=2\" rel=\"nofollow ugc noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?PRID=2316607&#038;reg=48&#038;lang=2<\/a><\/strong><\/a><\/p>                                <\/div>\n                                <div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_incorrect\">\n                                                                            <span class=\"wpProQuiz_respone_span\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span><br>\n                                    <p><strong>Answer: a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Explanation: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Recently, the 2<sup>nd<\/sup> India\u2013Italy Joint Working Group (JWG) on Tourism was held and agreed to strengthen bilateral cooperation in tourism.<\/p>\n<p><strong>About Italy:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Location:<\/strong> It is located in South-central Europe on the <strong>Apennine Peninsula.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Bordering Countries:<\/strong> It shares its border with <strong>Switzerland and Austria<\/strong> in the north, <strong>Slovenia <\/strong>in the northeast and <strong>France<\/strong> in the northwest.\u00a0\u00a0\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Vatican City and San Marino<\/strong> are the <strong>two enclaved sovereign<\/strong> states within Italy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Maritime boundaries:<\/strong> It is bordered by the <strong>Adriatic Sea<\/strong> in the <strong>east,<\/strong> the <strong>Sea of Sicily<\/strong> in the <strong>south<\/strong>, the <strong>Ionian Sea<\/strong> in the <strong>southeast<\/strong>, the <strong>Ligurian Sea<\/strong>, and the <strong>Tyrrhenian Sea <\/strong>in the<\/li>\n<li><strong>Capital City:<\/strong> Rome<\/li>\n<li><strong>Geographical Features of Italy:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Climate: <\/strong>The coastal region of Italy has a <strong>typical Mediterranean climate<\/strong> with mild winters and hot and mostly dry summers.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Topography:<\/strong> It is mostly rugged and mountainous and has some plains, <strong>coastal lowlands.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Mountain: <\/strong>The <strong>Apennine Mountains<\/strong> run along the length of the peninsula as a separate system and <strong>the Alps<\/strong> run <strong>along Italy&#8217;s northern border.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Major Rivers:<\/strong> Po (It is Italy\u2019s longest river) and Adige.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Highest Point:<\/strong> Mont Blanc\u00a0<\/li>\n<li><strong>Volcano:<\/strong> Italy <strong>is volcanic in origin<\/strong>, and a few of its many volcanoes are active, including <strong>Sicily\u2019s Mt. Etna, Stromboli<\/strong> in the Aeolian Islands.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Natural Resources:<\/strong> It mainly consists of Coal, antimony, mercury, zinc, potash, barite, asbestos, pumice, fluorspar, feldspar, pyrite (sulfur), natural gas and crude oil reserves.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Hence only statement 1 is correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>News:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?PRID=2316607&amp;reg=48&amp;lang=2\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?PRID=2316607&#038;reg=48&#038;lang=2\" rel=\"nofollow ugc noopener\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseDetail.aspx?PRID=2316607&#038;reg=48&#038;lang=2<\/a><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n                        \n                        \n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"back\" value=\"Back\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: left !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                                                <input type=\"button\" name=\"check\" value=\"Check\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\"\n                               style=\"float: right !important; margin-right: 10px !important; display: none;\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" name=\"next\" value=\"Next\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right; display: none;\">\n\n                        <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n\n                                                    <div style=\"margin-bottom: 20px;\"><\/div>\n                        \n                    <\/li>\n\n                            <\/ol>\n                            <div>\n                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"wpProQuiz_pageLeft\"\n                           data-text=\"Page %d\"\n                           style=\"float: left; display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\">\n                    <input type=\"button\" name=\"wpProQuiz_pageRight\"\n                           data-text=\"Page %d\"\n                           style=\"float: right; display: none;\" class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\">\n\n                                            <input type=\"button\" name=\"checkSingle\"\n                               value=\"Quiz-summary\"\n                               class=\"wpProQuiz_button wpProQuiz_QuestionButton\" style=\"float: right;\">\n                    \n                    <div style=\"clear: both;\"><\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            window.wpProQuizInitList = window.wpProQuizInitList || [];\n\n            window.wpProQuizInitList.push({\n                id: '#wpProQuiz_267',\n                init: {\n                    quizId: 267,\n                    mode: 3,\n                    globalPoints: 10,\n                    timelimit: 0,\n                    resultsGrade: [0],\n                    bo: 704,\n                    qpp: 10,\n                    catPoints: [10],\n                    formPos: 0,\n                    lbn: \"Quiz-summary\",\n                    json: {\"2654\":{\"type\":\"single\",\"id\":2654,\"catId\":0,\"points\":1,\"correct\":[0,0,1,0]},\"2655\":{\"type\":\"single\",\"id\":2655,\"catId\":0,\"points\":1,\"correct\":[0,0,1,0]},\"2656\":{\"type\":\"single\",\"id\":2656,\"catId\":0,\"points\":1,\"correct\":[0,0,0,1]},\"2657\":{\"type\":\"single\",\"id\":2657,\"catId\":0,\"points\":1,\"correct\":[0,1,0,0]},\"2658\":{\"type\":\"single\",\"id\":2658,\"catId\":0,\"points\":1,\"correct\":[1,0,0,0]},\"2659\":{\"type\":\"single\",\"id\":2659,\"catId\":0,\"points\":1,\"correct\":[1,0,0,0]},\"2660\":{\"type\":\"single\",\"id\":2660,\"catId\":0,\"points\":1,\"correct\":[0,0,0,1]},\"2661\":{\"type\":\"single\",\"id\":2661,\"catId\":0,\"points\":1,\"correct\":[0,0,1,0]},\"2662\":{\"type\":\"single\",\"id\":2662,\"catId\":0,\"points\":1,\"correct\":[0,1,0,0]},\"2663\":{\"type\":\"single\",\"id\":2663,\"catId\":0,\"points\":1,\"correct\":[1,0,0,0]}}                }\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        <style>\n            .wpProQuiz_results_content {\n                display: none;\n            }\n        <\/style>\n        <script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n            jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\n                var $quiz = $('#wpProQuiz_267');\n                \n                $(document).ajaxSuccess(function(event, xhr, settings) {\n                    if (settings.data && settings.data.indexOf('func=addInToplist') !== -1) {\n                        var response = jQuery.parseJSON(xhr.responseText);\n                        if (response && response.clear) {\n                            var $addToplist = $quiz.find('.wpProQuiz_addToplist');\n                            var $resultsContent = $quiz.find('.wpProQuiz_results_content');\n                            \n                            $addToplist.slideUp(function() {\n                                $resultsContent.fadeIn();\n                            });\n                        }\n                    }\n                });\n            });\n        <\/script>\n        \n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Practice the Daily UPSC Quiz by Vajiram &#038; Ravi to increase your current affairs and concept clarity. Ideal for UPSC Prelims and Mains 2026 preparation. Stay updated, revise smarter, and track your progress.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":51284,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[139],"tags":[969,968,967],"class_list":["post-126962","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-daily-upsc-quiz","tag-daily-quiz","tag-upsc-daily-quiz","tag-upsc-quiz","no-featured-image-padding"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126962","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=126962"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126962\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":126981,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/126962\/revisions\/126981"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/51284"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=126962"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=126962"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=126962"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}