{"id":12810,"date":"2023-07-06T01:19:37","date_gmt":"2023-07-05T19:49:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=12810"},"modified":"2025-04-01T21:54:51","modified_gmt":"2025-04-01T16:24:51","slug":"what-is-peste-des-petits-ruminants-ppr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/what-is-peste-des-petits-ruminants-ppr\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Peste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR)?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>About is Peste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR):<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>PPR is a <strong>highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats<\/strong> with <strong>high mortality.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It is <strong>caused by a virus of the family paramyxoviridae and genus morbillivirus.<\/strong> It is closely related to other members of the genus, including the rinderpest virus, measles virus, and canine distemper virus.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Symptoms<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li>PPRV causes disease with an <strong>array of clinical signs<\/strong>. It also <strong>causes immunosuppression<\/strong>, which makes affected animals more likely to pick up other infections.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Clinical signs of PPR<\/strong>: <strong>Fever, Eye and nasal discharges<\/strong>, <strong>Sores in the mouth<\/strong>, <strong>Diarrhoea, Listlessness<\/strong>, Respiratory signs (coughing and pneumonia), Abortion and death, with case <strong>fatality rates as high as 90%<\/strong> (though more commonly around 20%).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Transmission:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>PPR is mainly spread during <strong>close contact when a susceptible animal inhales<\/strong> the <strong>virus from infected animals\u2019 coughing and sneezing<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Transmission can also occur <strong>indirectly through contact with infected objects<\/strong> (fomites) <strong>such as feed troughs, bedding<\/strong> etc.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sources of PPRV include secretions from the eyes, nose, and mouth<\/strong> of infected animals, <strong>as well as their faeces<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Once introduced, the <strong>virus can infect up to 90 percent of an animal herd<\/strong>, and the disease <strong>kills anywhere from 30 to 70 percent of infected animals<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>The PPR virus <strong>does not infect humans.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Disease prevalence:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>PPR was <strong>first described in 1942 in C\u00f4te d&#8217;Ivoire<\/strong>. Since then the disease has spread to large regions in <strong>Africa, the Middle East and Asia<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>In India,<\/strong> the disease outbreaks have been reported in <strong>Himachal Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Telangana, Karnataka<\/strong> and <strong>Chhattisgarh<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Currently, a global initiative<\/strong> <strong>driven by the<\/strong> Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (<strong>FAO<\/strong>) and the <strong>World Organisation for Animal Health<\/strong> (OIE) <strong>exists to eradicate PPR by 2030.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Q1)\u00a0What is immunosuppression?<\/h3>\n<p>The suppression of the body\u2019s innate ability to ward off disease and infection is known as immunosuppression. This suppression may be the result of a disease that targets the immune system, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or as a consequence of pharmaceutical agents used to fight certain conditions, like cancer.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.hindustantimes.com\/cities\/chandigarh-news\/outbreak-of-highly-contagious-viral-disease-in-himachal-pradesh-s-lahaul-spiti-kills-60-sheep-and-goats-101688577630018.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>Explainer: Goat plague sends alarm bells ringing in Himachal Pradesh<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Peste Des Petits Ruminants is a highly contagious viral disease of sheep and goats with high mortality.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":12811,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-12810","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12810","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12810"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12810\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12811"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12810"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12810"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12810"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}