{"id":14501,"date":"2025-09-30T11:50:19","date_gmt":"2025-09-30T06:20:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=14501"},"modified":"2025-10-15T10:46:12","modified_gmt":"2025-10-15T05:16:12","slug":"hunga-tonga-hunga-haapai-hthh-volcano","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/hunga-tonga-hunga-haapai-hthh-volcano\/","title":{"rendered":"Hunga Tonga\u2013Hunga Ha\u02bbapai (HTHH) Volcano"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><b>Hunga Tonga\u2013Hunga Ha\u02bbapai Volcano Latest News<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A collaborative research team recently returned from a major 54-day voyage on CSIRO research vessel (RV) Investigator to explore the impacts of the devastating 2022 eruption of Tonga&#8217;s underwater Hunga Volcano.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>About Hunga Tonga\u2013Hunga Ha\u02bbapai Volcano<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a <\/span><b>submarine stratovolcano<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the <\/span><b>Tongan archipelago <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">in the <\/span><b>southern Pacific Ocean.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The HTHH volcano includes the <\/span><b>small islands of Hunga Tonga and Hunga Ha\u2019apai<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, along with <\/span><b>shallow reef<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">s along the caldera rim of a much larger submarine edifice in the western South Pacific Ocean, <\/span><b>west of <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the main inhabited islands in<\/span><b> the Kingdom of Tonga.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is located about 30 km<\/span><b> south of the submarine volcano of Fonuafo\u02bbou<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">65 km <\/span><b>north of Tongatapu, the country\u2019s main island.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The volcano is<\/span><b> part of the highly active Tonga\u2013Kermadec Islands volcanic ar<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">c, a subduction zone<\/span><b> extending from New Zealand north-northeast to Fiji.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Tonga-Kermadec arc was formed as a <\/span><b>result of the subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Indo-Australian Plate.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It has<\/span><b> erupted regularly<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> over the past few decades.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>On January 15, 2022,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the HTHH volcano experienced<\/span><b> an explosive eruption,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> considered <\/span><b>one of the largest volcanic eruptions of the 21st century.<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The eruption caused a<\/span><b> plume of volcanic materials and gasses <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to be pushed into the stratosphere and <\/span><b>sent shock waves through the atmosphere<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and <\/span><b>tsunami waves across ocean basins.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>What is a Stratovolcano?<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It is a<\/span><b> tall, steep, and cone-shaped<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> type of volcano.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unlike flat shield volcanoes, they have <\/span><b>higher peaks.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They are <\/span><b>typically found above subduction zones, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and they are <\/span><b>often part of large volcanically active regions,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> such as the<\/span><b> Ring of Fire <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">that frames much of the Pacific Ocean.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Strato Volcanoes comprise the <\/span><b>largest percentage (~60%) of the Earth\u2019s individual volcanoes,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and most are characterized by<\/span><b> eruptions of andesite and dacite, lavas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that are <\/span><b>cooler and more viscous than basalt.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These more viscous lavas <\/span><b>allow gas pressures to build up to high levels<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Therefore, these volcanoes <\/span><b>often suffer explosive eruptions.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They are<\/span><b> usually about half-half lava and pyroclastic material, and the layering of thes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">e products gives them their other <\/span><b>common name, composite volcanoes.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b style=\"font-size: inherit;\">At their peak,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> they <\/span><b style=\"font-size: inherit;\">usually have a small crater. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The crater may be filled with water or ice, or it may contain a volcanic dome during a period of relative inactivity.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Source<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2025-09-scientists-tonga-clues-uncover-eruption.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>PHYS<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hunga Tonga\u2013Hunga Ha\u02bbapai (HTHH) Volcano is a submarine stratovolcano in the Tongan archipelago in the southern Pacific Ocean. Read more about Hunga Tonga\u2013Hunga Ha\u02bbapai (HTHH) Volcano, Location, Type, Latest News.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":65858,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[2986],"class_list":{"0":"post-14501","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"tag-hunga-tonga-hunga-haapai-hthh-volcano","9":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14501","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14501"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14501\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/65858"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14501"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14501"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14501"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}