{"id":15486,"date":"2023-10-04T09:41:13","date_gmt":"2023-10-04T04:11:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=15486"},"modified":"2025-04-03T11:06:36","modified_gmt":"2025-04-03T05:36:36","slug":"what-is-exclusome","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/what-is-exclusome\/","title":{"rendered":"What is Exclusome?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>About Exclusome<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>It is a <strong>newly discovered organelle in mammalian cells.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It is <strong>made up of DNA rings known as plasmids.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It is <strong>located within the cell plasma.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>This is <strong>peculiar because eukaryotic cells<\/strong> (cells with nuclei) u<strong>sually keep most of their DNA in the cell nucleus<\/strong>, where it is <strong>organized into chromosomes<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Instead, in the exclusome, it is organized into plasmids<\/strong> &#8211;<strong>small, circular DNA strands that can replicate independently of chromosome<\/strong>s and are usually found in bacteria and other microscopic organisms.<\/li>\n<li><strong>What has the discovery revealed?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Some of the plasmids<\/strong> that end up <strong>in the exclusome originate from outside the cell, while others\u2014known as telomeric rings\u2014come from the capped ends of chromosomes, the telomeres<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Particularly <strong>in certain cancer cells, the ones from the telomeres are regularly pinched off <\/strong>and <strong>joined together to form rings.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>The cell nucleus weeds out such DNA rings<\/strong> and deposits them, together with the plasmids coming from outside the cell, in the cell plasma.<\/li>\n<li><strong>This proves that cells are capable of differentiating<\/strong> between <strong>DNA that is their own and still needed and DNA that is foreign <\/strong>or presumably no longer required, <strong>which they then eject from the nucleus<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>In this way, the <strong>exclusome may have a protective function, guarding the cell\u2019s genetic integrity.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>What is an Organelle?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Organelles are <strong>small, specialized structures in cells<\/strong> that operate like organs by <strong>carrying out specific tasks.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Among the more <strong>important cell organelles are the nuclei<\/strong>, which store genetic information; <strong>mitochondria<\/strong>, which produce chemical energy; and <strong>ribosomes<\/strong>, which assemble proteins.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>What is a Chromosome?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>A chromosome is a <strong>long, thread-like structure found in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells<\/strong>, including the cells of animals, plants, and fungi.<\/li>\n<li>Each chromosome is <strong>made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteinscalled histones <\/strong>that support its structure.<\/li>\n<li>Chromosomes help <strong>ensure that DNA is replicated and distributed appropriately during cell division.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>It plays a <strong>fundamental role in the transmission of hereditary traits<\/strong> from one generation to the next.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Q1<\/strong>: What is DNA?<\/h3>\n<p>DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a person\u2019s body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA)<\/p>\n<p>Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2023-10-cell-biologists-organelle-mammalian-cells.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Cell biologists identify new organelle present in mammalian cells made of rings of DNA<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Exclusome is a newly discovered organelle in mammalian cells.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":15487,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-15486","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15486","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15486"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15486\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15487"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15486"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15486"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15486"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}