{"id":16182,"date":"2023-10-23T05:52:38","date_gmt":"2023-10-23T00:22:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=16182"},"modified":"2025-04-04T07:34:57","modified_gmt":"2025-04-04T02:04:57","slug":"montreux-convention","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/montreux-convention\/","title":{"rendered":"What is the Montreux Convention?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>About Montreux Convention<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>It is an\u00a0agreement concerning the Dardanelles strait and the\u00a0Bosporus strait, also\u00a0known as the Turkish straits\u00a0or the Black Sea straits.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>The Turkish straits are the\u00a0only maritime passage between the Black Sea and the\u00a0Mediterranean Sea.<\/li>\n<li>According\u00a0to\u00a0the\u00a01936\u00a0Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits, often referred to simply as the Montreux Convention,\u00a0Turkey has control over the Turkish Straits.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>In the event of a war,\u00a0the pact gives Turkey the right to regulate the transit of naval warships and\u00a0to block the straits to warships\u00a0belonging to the countries involved\u00a0in the\u00a0conflict.<\/li>\n<li>Merchant vessels enjoy freedom of passage\u00a0through the Turkish Straits , while passages of\u00a0vessels of war are subject to some restrictions that vary\u00a0depending on whether these\u00a0vessels belong to the Black Sea littoral States or not.<\/li>\n<li>Besides some\u00a0general restrictions applicable to all,\u00a0vessels of war belonging to non-littoral States are subject to specific restrictions, such as those regarding maximum aggregate tonnage and duration of stay in the Black Sea.<\/li>\n<li>The principal\u00a0provisions of the Convention ruling the passage of vessels of war are:\n<ul>\n<li>Aircraft carriers, whether belonging to the littoral States or not,\u00a0can in no way pass through the Turkish Straits.<\/li>\n<li>Only submarines belonging to littoral States can pass through the Turkish Straits\u00a0for\u00a0the purpose of\u00a0rejoining their base in the Black Sea\u00a0for the first time\u00a0after their construction or purchase,\u00a0or\u00a0for the purpose of\u00a0repair in dockyards\u00a0outside the Black Sea.<\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0total number and\u00a0maximum aggregate tonnage of all foreign naval forces\u00a0which may be in the course of passage through the Turkish Straits\u00a0are limited to 9 and 15.000 tons respectively.<\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0maximum aggregate tonnage which\u00a0non-littoral States may have in the Black Sea\u00a0is 45.000 tons.<\/li>\n<li>In this regard, the\u00a0maximum aggregate tonnage of the vessels of war that one\u00a0non-littoral State\u00a0may have in the Black Sea is 30.000 tons.<\/li>\n<li>Vessels of war belonging to non-littoral States cannot stay more than 21 days in the Black Sea.<\/li>\n<li>Passages through the Turkish Straits are notified to T\u00fcrkiye through diplomatic channels\u00a0prior to intended passages.<\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0notification time is 8 days for vessels of war belonging to littoral States, and\u00a015 days for those of non-littoral States.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Article 19 of the Convention:\n<ul>\n<li>Vessels of war belonging to belligerent powers, whether they are Black Sea Powers or not,\u00a0which have become separated from their bases, may return thereto.<\/li>\n<li>That\u00a0means warships can return to their original bases\u00a0through the passage,\u00a0and\u00a0Turkey cannot prevent it.<\/li>\n<li>For example, a Russian fleet registered in the Black Sea but currently located in the Mediterranean Sea is allowed to pass through the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits and return to its base.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Q1) What are belligerent powers?<\/h3>\n<p>Belligerent powers are countries or entities engaged in active, armed conflict or warfare. These are the parties involved in a state of war, whether it&#8217;s a declared war, an international armed conflict, or a civil war.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/m.dailyhunt.me\/news\/uae\/english\/7enews-epaper-dh821e2bff24104097a3453221df1fb2d7\/trkiye+imposes+restrictions+on+the+passage+of+warships+in+its+straits+under+the+montreux+convention-newsid-n549639920\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>T\u00fcrkiye imposes restrictions on the passage of warships in its straits under the Montreux Convention<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Montreux Convention is an agreement concerning the Dardanelles strait and the Bosporus strait, also known as the Turkish straits or the Black Sea straits. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16183,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-16182","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16182"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16182\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16183"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16182"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}