{"id":16210,"date":"2023-10-24T08:06:16","date_gmt":"2023-10-24T02:36:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=16210"},"modified":"2025-04-04T07:45:34","modified_gmt":"2025-04-04T02:15:34","slug":"danger","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/danger\/","title":{"rendered":"What is DANGER (Deleterious and ANticipatable Guides Evaluated by RNA-sequencing)?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Why in News?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>For\u00a0about a decade,\u00a0researchers have\u00a0used the CRISPR technology for genome editing. However, there\u00a0are some challenges in the use of CRISPR.<\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0first challenge is that the\u00a0phenotypic, or observable, effects\u00a0caused\u00a0by unexpected\u00a0CRISPR dynamics are not quantitatively monitored.<\/li>\n<li>A\u00a0second challenge\u00a0is that the\u00a0CRISPR technology generally depends on basic genomic data, including the reference genome. The reference genome is like a template that provides researchers with general information on the genome.\u00a0Unexpected sequence editing with mismatches can occur. These off-target sites are always unexpected.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0DANGER analysis overcomes these challenges and allows researchers to perform safer on- and off-target assessments without a reference genome.<\/li>\n<li>The discovery holds the potential for applications in medicine, agriculture, and biological research.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>About DANGER (Deleterious and ANticipatable Guides Evaluated by RNA-sequencing)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>DANGER analysis is a new software tool that\u00a0makes genome editing safer by overcoming limitations in\u00a0current CRISPR technology.<\/li>\n<li>Unlike traditional methods that rely on a reference genome, DANGER works by conducting risk-averse on- and off-target assessments using RNA-sequencing data.<\/li>\n<li>It\u00a0evaluates phenotypic effects based on gene expression changes caused by deleterious off-target sites.<\/li>\n<li>The software\u00a0quantifies the phenotypic risk at the gene ontology level without the\u00a0need for a reference genome.<\/li>\n<li>The tool successfully\u00a0evaluated the phenotypic effects of gene editing in human cells\u00a0and zebrafish brains.<\/li>\n<li>It\u00a0can be performed on various organisms, personal human genomes, and atypical genomes created by diseases and viruses.<\/li>\n<li>The open-source nature of the software allows for its adaptation to different genome editing systems beyond CRISPR-Cas9.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>What is Genome Editing?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>It is a method that lets scientists change the DNA of many organisms, including plants, bacteria, and animals.<\/li>\n<li>Editing DNA can\u00a0lead to changes in physical traits, like eye color, and disease risk.<\/li>\n<li>Scientists\u00a0use different technologies to do this.<\/li>\n<li>These technologies\u00a0act like scissors, cutting the DNA\u00a0at a specific spot. Then scientists can\u00a0remove, add, or replace the DNA where it was cut.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Key Facts about CRISPR-Cas9<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>CRISPR is short for\u00a0Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, which is a reference to the clustered and repetitive sequences of DNA found in bacteria,\u00a0whose natural mechanism to fight some\u00a0viral diseases is replicated in this\u00a0gene-editing tool.<\/li>\n<li>Its mechanism is often compared to the \u2018cut-copy-paste\u2019, or \u2018find-replace\u2019 functionalities in common computer programmes.<\/li>\n<li>A\u00a0bad stretch in the DNA sequence, which is the cause of disease or disorder,\u00a0is located,\u00a0cut, and removed \u2014 and\u00a0then replaced with a \u2018correct\u2019 sequence. And the\u00a0tools used to achieve this\u00a0are not mechanical, but biochemical \u2014 specific protein and RNA molecules.<\/li>\n<li>The technology replicates a natural defence mechanism in some bacteria\u00a0that uses a similar method to protect itself from virus attacks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Q1) What is DNA?<\/h3>\n<p>DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a person\u2019s body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2023\/10\/231023123959.htm#:~:text=A%20team%20of%20researchers%20has%20developed%20a%20software%20tool%20called,all%20organisms%20with%20a%20transcriptome.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>Researchers develop DANGER analysis tool for the safer design of gene editing<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DANGER analysis is a new software tool that makes genome editing safer by overcoming limitations in current CRISPR technology.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16211,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-16210","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16210","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16210"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16210\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16210"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16210"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16210"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}