{"id":16804,"date":"2023-11-08T07:37:50","date_gmt":"2023-11-08T02:07:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=16804"},"modified":"2025-04-04T23:20:11","modified_gmt":"2025-04-04T17:50:11","slug":"cfe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/cfe\/","title":{"rendered":"Treaty of Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>About Treaty of Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Negotiated during the final years of the\u00a0Cold War and\u00a0signed a year after the\u00a0fall of the Berlin Wall,\u00a0CFE placed limits on\u00a0the\u00a0deployment of military equipment to maintain military balance between North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the then-Warsaw Pact countries.<\/li>\n<li>Its purpose was\u00a0to stop Cold War rivals\u00a0from building up forces\u00a0that\u00a0could be used in\u00a0a swift assault.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Twenty-two member states of the two military alliances,\u00a0the NATO and the\u00a0Warsaw Pact,\u00a0came together\u00a0in Paris on 19 November\u00a01990 to sign the agreement.<\/li>\n<li>It finally\u00a0entered into force on 9 November\u00a01992. The\u00a0Warsaw Pact by this time had disintegrated and its\u00a0treaty obligations were consequently\u00a0passed to the pact\u2019s\u00a0successor states.<\/li>\n<li>Specifically, the\u00a0Treaty required NATO and Warsaw Pact\u00a0states to have in total no more than 40,000 battle tanks, 60,000 armoured combat vehicles, 40,000 pieces of artillery,\u00a013,600 combat aircraft and\u00a04,000 attack helicopters on the whole territory of the\u00a0respective alliance.<\/li>\n<li>To reach these targets, the CFE\u00a0states parties destroyed in subsequent years more than 50,000\u00a0weapons systems.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>These steps were supervised under a\u00a0treaty compliance mechanism\u00a0requiring information sharing and reciprocal inspections.<\/li>\n<li>Moreover, the\u00a0scope of the treaty was soon\u00a0widened to cover troop numbers.\u00a0The 1992 follow-up agreement known as the\u00a0CFE-1A\u00a0arranged\u00a0limits on the level of military personnel.<\/li>\n<li>Meeting at the Istanbul summit of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE),\u00a0CFE Treaty partners finally agreed,\u00a0on 19 November\u00a01999, on an updated\u00a0and modified\u00a0arrangement: the Adapted CFE Treaty.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>A\u00a0major change\u00a0was that\u00a0limitations on conventional weapon systems\u00a0were no longer aligned to two \u201cblocs\u201d but to the territorial\u00a0borders of individual states.<\/li>\n<li>Russia suspended its participation in the treaty in 2007 and halted active participation in 2015.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>What is Warsaw Pact?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The Warsaw Treaty Organization (Warsaw Pact) was a\u00a0political and military alliance\u00a0established on May 14,\u00a01955 between\u00a0the\u00a0Soviet Union and several\u00a0Eastern European countries.<\/li>\n<li>The Soviet Union formed this alliance\u00a0as a counterbalance to the NATO, a collective security alliance concluded between the United States, Canada and Western European nations in 1949.<\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0original signatories to the Warsaw Treaty Organization\u00a0were the Soviet Union,\u00a0Albania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania,\u00a0and the\u00a0German Democratic Republic.<\/li>\n<li>Although\u00a0the\u00a0members\u00a0of the Warsaw Pact\u00a0pledged to defend each other if one or more of them came under attack,\u00a0emphasized non-interference in the internal affairs of its members, and supposedly\u00a0organized itself around collective decision-making, the\u00a0Soviet Union ultimately controlled most of the Pact\u2019s decisions.<\/li>\n<li>It was\u00a0officially disbanded in\u00a0March and July of\u00a01991 following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Q1) What is the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)?<\/h3>\n<p>With 57 States drawn from Europe, Central Asia and America, OSCE is the world\u2019s largest regional security organization.It offers a forum for political negotiations and decision-making in the fields of early warning, conflict prevention, crisis management and post-conflict rehabilitation, and puts the political will of the participating States into practice through its unique network of field missions.All 57 participating States enjoy equal status, and decisions are taken by consensus on a politically, but not legally binding basis.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/theprint.in\/world\/russia-formally-withdraws-from-key-post-cold-war-european-armed-forces-treaty\/1835333\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>Russia formally withdraws from key post-Cold War European armed forces treaty<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Treaty of Conventional Armed Forces in Europe placed limits on the deployment of military equipment to maintain military balance between NATO and the then-Warsaw Pact countries.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":16805,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-16804","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16804","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16804"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16804\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16805"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16804"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16804"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16804"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}