{"id":17104,"date":"2025-12-27T13:10:59","date_gmt":"2025-12-27T07:40:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=17104"},"modified":"2025-12-27T13:38:01","modified_gmt":"2025-12-27T08:08:01","slug":"eez","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/eez\/","title":{"rendered":"Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><b>Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) Latest News<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fisher-folk recently urged the Centre to include their representatives in policymaking bodies so that their practical expertise can be utilized, without which the goal of responsible fishing in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) cannot be achieved.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>About Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An EEZ is an <\/span><b>area of the ocean<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, generally <\/span><b>extending 200 nautical miles (230 miles) beyond a nation\u2019s territorial sea, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">within which a coastal nation has jurisdiction over both living and nonliving resources.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>concept <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) was adopted through the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Under international law, <\/span><b>within its defined EEZ, a coastal nation has:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sovereign rights for the purpose of <\/span><b>exploring,<\/b> <b>exploiting, conserving, and managing natural resources of the seabed, subsoil, and waters above it.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jurisdiction as provided for in international law with regard to the<\/span><b> establishment and use of artificial islands, installations, and structures; marine scientific research; <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and the <\/span><b>protection and preservation of the marine environment.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other rights and duties provided for under international law.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/united-nations-convention-on-the-law-of-the-sea\/\" target=\"_blank\"><b>UNCLOS <\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) indicates that the<\/span><b> coastal state determines the acceptable level of fishing quotas in its EEZ,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with a focus on sustainable management.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>coastal state<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is <\/span><b>entitled to fish the entire quota or to award the surplus to other countries.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Provisions <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">under UNCLOS also <\/span><b>provide for the regular exchange of information about the populations of resources in an EEZ<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in order to promote international scientific cooperation.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">EEZs have also been used to determine which country is responsible for removing marine hazards such as space debris.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>UNCLOS establishes rights for how other countries<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> may <\/span><b>access <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the waters in an <\/span><b>EEZ<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Other States<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> have the <\/span><b>right for their ships and aircraft to traverse the EEZ and its airspace and to lay cables and pipelines.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>What is the Territorial Sea?<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The territorial sea (also called territorial waters), under the UNCLOS, is that <\/span><b>area of the sea immediately adjacent to the shores of a country <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and <\/span><b>subject to the territorial jurisdiction of that country.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Extend<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: The territorial sea extends to a limit of <\/span><b>12 nautical miles from the baseline of a country\u2019s coast.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Importance <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of Territorial waters:<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Within its territorial waters, a <\/span><b>country exercises full sovereignty over the air space <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">above the sea and o<\/span><b>ver the seabed and subsoil.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>government can legislate on matters concerning the safety of navigation<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the <\/span><b>preservation of the environment,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and the <\/span><b>prevention, reduction, and control of pollution <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">within its territorial waters.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Resource use <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">within the territorial sea is strictly <\/span><b>reserved to the coastal nation.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: justify;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b style=\"font-size: inherit;\">All countries <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">have the <\/span><b style=\"font-size: inherit;\">right of innocent passage<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (passage that is not prejudicial to the security of the coastal country) through the territorial sea of another country, although there is <\/span><b style=\"font-size: inherit;\">no right of innocent airspace passage.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Source: <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindubusinessline.com\/economy\/agri-business\/plea-to-include-fisherfolk-in-policymaking-bodies-for-fishing-in-eez\/article70433381.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">TH<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Exclusive Economic Zone EEZ explained with UNCLOS provisions, fishing rights, resource management, coastal state powers and international access rules.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":79912,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[4444,21,23],"class_list":{"0":"post-17104","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"tag-exclusive-economic-zone","9":"tag-prelims-pointers","10":"tag-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","11":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17104","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17104"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17104\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/79912"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17104"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17104"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17104"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}