{"id":17204,"date":"2023-11-20T11:01:51","date_gmt":"2023-11-20T05:31:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=17204"},"modified":"2025-04-05T02:49:10","modified_gmt":"2025-04-04T21:19:10","slug":"freemartins","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/freemartins\/","title":{"rendered":"What are Freemartins?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>About Freemartins<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>In animal husbandry, cattle that are born\u00a0exhibiting characteristics of both sexes are called freemartins.<\/li>\n<li>Freemartins are sterile female cattle that result from the twinning of a male and a female within the same uterus.<\/li>\n<li>This phenomenon occurs in approximately 90% of such\u00a0twin pregnancies in cattle.<\/li>\n<li>The key reason is the exchange of blood between the male and the female foetuses during gestation.<\/li>\n<li>Genetically, freemartinism is attributed to\u00a0the sharing of cells carrying the Y chromosome from the male twin with the female twin.<\/li>\n<li>This chromosome triggers the development of male reproductive organs in the male foetus, while the female foetus affected by the presence of male hormones, experiences incomplete development of its reproductive system.<\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0end result is that the freemartin has an\u00a0underdeveloped or non-functional reproductive tract.<\/li>\n<li>Freemartins\u00a0can\u2019t reproduce; farmers often identify them through physical and\/or behavioural traits to cull them from the breeding herd to improve reproductive efficiency.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Key facts about chromosome<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>It is a\u00a0thread-like structure located inside the nucleus of\u00a0animal and plant cells.<\/li>\n<li>Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of\u00a0deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).<\/li>\n<li>It is passed from parents to offspring.<\/li>\n<li>DNA contains the specific instructions that make each type of living creature unique.<\/li>\n<li>In humans, in addition to\u00a0the 22 pairs of chromosomes in each, we have a pair of sex chromosomes called X and Y.<\/li>\n<li>All biological males have X and Y chromosomes and all biological females have two X chromosomes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Q1) What is Deoxyribonucleic Acid?<\/h3>\n<p>Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is a set of instructions found in a cell. These instructions are used for the growth and development of an organism.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/science\/freemartins-black-sheep-among-the-cattle\/article67550932.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>Freemartins: black sheep among the cattle<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Freemartins  are sterile female cattle that result from the twinning of a male and a female within the same uterus.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":17205,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-17204","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17204","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17204"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17204\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/17205"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17204"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17204"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}