{"id":19797,"date":"2024-01-28T03:02:09","date_gmt":"2024-01-27T21:32:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=19797"},"modified":"2025-04-05T19:58:33","modified_gmt":"2025-04-05T14:28:33","slug":"what-is-international-court-of-justice-icj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/what-is-international-court-of-justice-icj\/","title":{"rendered":"What is International Court of Justice (ICJ)?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>About International Court of Justice (ICJ):<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The ICJ, also known as the <strong>World Court,<\/strong> is <strong>the principal judicial organ of the United Nations<\/strong> (UN).<\/li>\n<li>It was <strong>established in June 1945 by the Charter of the UN<\/strong> and began work in April 1946.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The seat <\/strong>of the Court <strong>is at the Peace Palace in The Hague<\/strong> (Netherlands).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Of the six principal organs<\/strong> of the UN, <strong>it is the only one not located in New York,<\/strong> United States.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The hearings<\/strong> of the ICJ <strong>are always public.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Official Languages: French and English<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Powers and Functions: <\/strong>The Court may entertain <strong>two types of cases<\/strong>:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>o First, it can <strong>act as a dispute settlement body between two member States<\/strong> in what are called<strong> \u201ccontentious cases<\/strong>.\u201d Such disputes may concern, in particular, land frontiers, maritime boundaries, territorial sovereignty, the non-use of force, violation of international humanitarian law, non-interference in the internal affairs of States and diplomatic relations.<\/p>\n<p>o Second, it can accept requests to <strong>issue an advisory opinion on a legal questionreferred to it by aUN body or specialized agency<\/strong>. These opinions can clarify the ways in which such organizations may lawfully function or strengthen their authority in relation to their member States.<\/p>\n<p>o The court&#8217;s <strong>judgments in contentious cases are final and binding<\/strong> on the parties to a case, and <strong>without appeal.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>o Unlike the Court\u2019s judgments, <strong>advisory opinions are not binding.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>o The ICJ <strong>decides disputes in accordance with international law<\/strong> as reflected in international conventions, international custom, general principles of law recognized by civilized nations, judicial decisions, and the writings of the most highly qualified experts on international law.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Composition:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>o It consists of <strong>15 judges<\/strong>, <strong>all from different countries<\/strong>, who are <strong>elected tonine-year termsby majority votes in the UN General Assembly and the Security Council.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>o The judges, <strong>one-third<\/strong> of whom are <strong>elected every three years<\/strong>, are <strong>eligible for reelection.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>o Once elected, a member of the Court <strong>is a delegate neither of the government<\/strong> of his own country nor of any other State.<\/p>\n<p>o In addition, the ICJ Statute <strong>allows a state partyto a case<\/strong> before it <strong>which does not have a judge <\/strong>of its nationality on the bench <strong>to appoint a person to sit as judge ad hoc<\/strong> in that specific case.<\/p>\n<p>o The Court is assisted by a Registry, its permanent administrative secretariat, which is independent of the United Nations Secretariat.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Q1<\/strong>: What is the International Criminal Court (ICC)?<\/h3>\n<p>It is the only permanent international criminal tribunal. It was created by the 1998 Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court , and began functioning on 1 July 2002. It investigates and, where warranted, tries individuals charged with the gravest crimes of concern to the international community: genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity, and the crime of aggression.Unlike the International Court of Justice, which hears disputes between states, the ICC handles prosecutions of individuals. While not a United Nations organization, the Court has a cooperation agreement with the United Nations.<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hindustantimes.com\/world-news\/international-court-of-justice-refuses-to-dismiss-genocide-case-against-israel-101706273813414.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">International Court of Justice refuses to dismiss genocide case against Israel<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The International Court of Justice (ICJ), also known as the World Court, is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations (UN).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":19798,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-19797","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19797","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19797"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19797\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19798"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19797"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19797"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19797"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}