{"id":19841,"date":"2024-01-29T06:41:07","date_gmt":"2024-01-29T01:11:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=19841"},"modified":"2025-04-05T20:15:30","modified_gmt":"2025-04-05T14:45:30","slug":"key-facts-about-supreme-court-of-india-sc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/key-facts-about-supreme-court-of-india-sc\/","title":{"rendered":"Key Facts about Supreme Court of India (SC)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>About Supreme Court of India (SC):<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h4><strong>History<\/strong>:<\/h4>\n<ul>\n<li>The Supreme Court of India is the <strong>apex judicial body<\/strong> under the Constitution of India.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li><strong>Article 124 <\/strong>of the Constitution <strong>states that \u201cThere shall be a Supreme Court of India.\u201d\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The Supreme Court <strong>came into existence on January 26, 1950,<\/strong> with the coming into force of the Constitution.<\/li>\n<li><strong>On January, 28, 1950<\/strong>, two days after India became a Sovereign Democratic Republic, <strong>the Supreme Court was inaugurated<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The Supreme Court <strong>initially functioned from the old Parliament House<\/strong> till it <strong>moved to the present building located on Tilak Marg, New Delhi, in 1958.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The <strong>first President of India, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, inaugurated the present building<\/strong> of the Supreme Court of India on August 4, 1958.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li><strong>Number of Judges:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>o The <strong>original Constitution<\/strong> of 1950 <strong>envisaged<\/strong> a Supreme Court with a <strong>Chief Justice and 7 puisne Judges<\/strong>, leaving it to Parliament to increase this number.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>o Considering the increase in workload, <strong>Parliament increased the number<\/strong> of Judges from 8 in 1950 to 11 in 1956, 14 in 1960, 18 in 1978, 26 in 1986, 31 in 2009, and <strong>34 in 2019 (current strength).<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Today, the <strong>judges sit in benches of two and three<\/strong> and <strong>come together in larger benches<\/strong> of 5 and more <strong>(Constitution Bench)to decide any conflicting decisions<\/strong> between benches of the Supreme Court <strong>or any substantial questions concerning<\/strong> the <strong>interpretation of the Constitution.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The <strong>proceedings<\/strong> of the Supreme Court are <strong>conducted in English<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Powers and Functions:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>o The Supreme Court has <strong>original, appellate, and advisory jurisdiction<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>o It serves both as the <strong>final court of appeals<\/strong> and the <strong>final interpreter of the Constitution.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>o Its <strong>exclusive original jurisdiction<\/strong> extends <strong>to any dispute between the Government of India and one or more States<\/strong> or between the Government of India and any State or States on one side and one or more States on the other, or <strong>between two or more States<\/strong>, if and insofar <strong>as the dispute involves any question (whether of law or fact)on which the existence or extent of a legal right depends.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>o In addition, <strong>Article 32<\/strong> of the Constitution <strong>gives extensive original jurisdiction<\/strong> to the Supreme Court <strong>for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights.<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>It is <strong>empowered to issue directions, orders, or writs<\/strong>, including writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto, and certiorari, <strong>to enforce them.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>o The Supreme Court has been conferred <strong>with the power to direct the transfer of any civil or criminal case from one High Court to another High Court or from a Court subordinate to another High Court.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>o Under the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, <strong>International Commercial Arbitration can also be initiated<\/strong> in the Supreme Court.<\/p>\n<p>o The <strong>appellate jurisdiction<\/strong> of the Supreme Court<strong> can be invoked by a certificate granted by the High Court<\/strong> concerned under Article 132(1), 133(1) or 134 of the Constitution <strong>in respect of any judgement, decree, or final order<\/strong> of a High Court <strong>in both civil and criminal cases<\/strong>, <strong>involving substantial question of law <\/strong>as to the interpretation of the Constitution.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>o <strong>Appeals also lie<\/strong> to the Supreme Court in civil matters <strong>if the High Court concerned certifies:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>that the case involves a substantial question of law of general importance, and<\/li>\n<li>that, in the opinion of the High Court, the said question needs to be decided by the Supreme Court.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>o <strong>In criminal cases<\/strong>, <strong>an appeal lies<\/strong> to the Supreme Court <strong>if the High Court<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>has on appeal reversed an order of acquittal<\/strong> of an accused person <strong>and sentenced him to death or to imprisonment<\/strong> for life or for a period <strong>of not less than 10 years<\/strong>, or<\/li>\n<li><strong>has withdrawn for trial before itself any case from any Court subordinate<\/strong> to its authority and has in such trial convicted the accused <strong>and sentenced him to death<\/strong> or to imprisonment for life or for a period of not less than 10 years, or<\/li>\n<li><strong>certified that the case is a fit one for appeal<\/strong> to the Supreme Court.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>o <strong>Parliament is authorised to confer<\/strong> on the Supreme Court <strong>any further powers to<\/strong> entertain and <strong>hear appeals<\/strong> from any judgement, final order or sentence in a criminal proceeding of a High Court.<\/p>\n<p>o The Supreme Court also has a <strong>very wide appellate jurisdiction over all Courts and Tribunals in India<\/strong> in as much as it may, in its discretion, <strong>grant special leave to appeal under Article 136<\/strong> of the Constitution <strong>from any judgment, decree, <\/strong>determination, sentence or order in any cause or matter <strong>passed or made by any Court or Tribunal<\/strong> in the territory of India.<\/p>\n<p>o The Supreme Court has <strong>special advisory jurisdiction in matters<\/strong> which may specifically be <strong>referred to it by the President of India under Article 143<\/strong> of the Constitution.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>o <strong>Election Petitions<\/strong> under Part III <strong>of the Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections<\/strong> Act, 1952, are also <strong>filed directly in the Supreme Court<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>o Under Articles 129 and 142 of the Constitution, the Supreme Court has been vested with <strong>power to punish for contempt of Court,<\/strong> including the power to punish for contempt of itself.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>o The Supreme <strong>Court can reconsider its final judgment<\/strong> or order <strong>by way of a curative petition<\/strong> on limited grounds after the dismissal of the review petition.<\/p>\n<p>o As the highest court in India, the Supreme Court\u2019s <strong>judgments are binding on all other courts <\/strong>in the country.\u00a0<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Q1<\/strong>: What is a Curative Petition?<\/h3>\n<p>It is the last resort to the highest court that can be petitioned for redressal of grievances in court, and its ruling is final. It is a way to ask the court to review and revise their own decision, and it is filed after a review petition is dismissed or used.It can be entertained if the petitioner establishes there was a violation of the principles of natural justice and that he was not heard by the court before passing an order.It will also be admitted where a judge fails to disclose facts that raise the apprehension of bias.<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2000184\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">PM inaugurates Diamond Jubilee celebration of Supreme Court<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Supreme Court of India is the apex judicial body under the Constitution of India. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":19842,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-19841","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19841","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19841"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19841\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19842"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19841"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19841"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19841"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}