{"id":20929,"date":"2024-02-26T06:54:32","date_gmt":"2024-02-26T01:24:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=20929"},"modified":"2025-04-06T08:36:53","modified_gmt":"2025-04-06T03:06:53","slug":"ribosomes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/ribosomes\/","title":{"rendered":"What are Ribosomes?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>About Ribosomes<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Ribosomes are\u00a0non-membrane-bound cell organelles\u00a0made of RNA and proteins.<\/li>\n<li>They are\u00a0found in both prokaryotic\u00a0and eukaryotic cells.\n<ul>\n<li>In eukaryotic organisms, ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm, mitochondria, and chloroplast.<\/li>\n<li>All prokaryotic ribosomes are found free in the cytoplasm of the cell.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Ribosomal structure and function are strikingly\u00a0similar in all organisms and organelles.<\/li>\n<li>They are\u00a0made of two subunits, the\u00a0large and the small subunit which comprises\u00a0ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins.<\/li>\n<li>Primary Function:\n<ul>\n<li>They are complex molecular machines that\u00a0make proteins from amino acids in a\u00a0process called protein synthesis, or\u00a0translation.<\/li>\n<li>Every cell needs ribosomes to manufacture proteins.<\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0ribosome reads\u00a0the\u00a0messenger RNA\u00a0(mRNA) sequence and translates that genetic code into a specified string of amino acids,\u00a0which\u00a0grow\u00a0into\u00a0long chains that fold\u00a0to form proteins.<\/li>\n<li>The newly formed\u00a0proteins detach themselves from the ribosome site and migrate to other parts of the cell for use.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>What is mRNA?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>mRNA is a type of\u00a0single-stranded RNA involved in protein synthesis.<\/li>\n<li>mRNA is\u00a0made from a DNA template during the process of\u00a0transcription.<\/li>\n<li>The role of mRNA is to\u00a0carry protein information from\u00a0the DNA\u00a0in a\u00a0cell\u2019s nucleus\u00a0to the cell\u2019s cytoplasm (watery interior), where the\u00a0protein-making machinery reads the mRNA sequence and translates each three-base codon into\u00a0its corresponding amino acid in a growing\u00a0protein chain.<\/li>\n<li>So, mRNA really is a\u00a0form of nucleic acid which\u00a0helps the human genome, which is coded in DNA,\u00a0to be read by the cellular machinery.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Q1) What is electron microscopy?<\/h3>\n<p>Electron microscopy (EM) is a technique for obtaining high resolution images of biological and non-biological specimens. It is used in biomedical research to investigate the detailed structure of tissues, cells, organelles and macromolecular complexes. The high resolution of EM images results from the use of electrons (which have very short wavelengths) as the source of illuminating radiation. Electron microscopy is used in conjunction with a variety of ancillary techniques (e.g. thin sectioning, immuno-labeling, negative staining) to answer specific questions. EM images provide key information on the structural basis of cell function and of cell disease.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2024-02-3d-ribosome-visualize.html#google_vignette\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>Researchers produce 3D model of the ribosome and visualize how it is made<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ribosomes are non-membrane-bound cell organelles made of RNA and proteins. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":20930,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-20929","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20929","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20929"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20929\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20930"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20929"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20929"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20929"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}