{"id":21910,"date":"2024-03-28T01:04:54","date_gmt":"2024-03-27T19:34:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=21910"},"modified":"2025-10-10T12:05:53","modified_gmt":"2025-10-10T06:35:53","slug":"stomata","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/stomata\/","title":{"rendered":"What are Stomata?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>About Stomata<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Stomata are\u00a0tiny openings or pores\u00a0in plant\u00a0tissue that allow for gas exchange.<\/li>\n<li>They are typically\u00a0found in plant leaves but can also be found in some stems.<\/li>\n<li>Stomata allow a plant to\u00a0take in carbon dioxide, which is needed for\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/photosynthesis\/\" target=\"_blank\"><u>photosynthesis<\/u><\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>They also help to\u00a0reduce water loss\u00a0by closing when conditions are hot or dry.<\/li>\n<li>Stomata look like tiny mouths which\u00a0open and close as they\u00a0assist in transpiration.<\/li>\n<li>Plants that reside on land typically have\u00a0thousands of stomata on the surfaces of their leaves.\u00a0\n<ul>\n<li>The\u00a0majority\u00a0of stomata are located on the\u00a0underside of plant leaves, reducing their exposure to heat and air current.<\/li>\n<li>In aquatic plants, stomata are located\u00a0on the upper surface of the leaves.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>A stoma (singular for stomata) is\u00a0surrounded by two types of\u00a0specialized plant cells that differ from other plant epidermal cells. These cells are called guard cells and subsidiary\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/cell-structure-and-organelles\/\" target=\"_blank\"><u>cells<\/u><\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Guard cells are\u00a0large, crescent-shaped cells,\u00a0two of which surround a stoma and are connected to at both ends.\n<ul>\n<li>A\u00a0stomate opens and closes in response to the\u00a0internal pressure of guard cells.<\/li>\n<li>These cells enlarge and contract to open and close stomatal pores.<\/li>\n<li>Guard cells\u00a0work to control excessive water loss, closing on hot, dry, or windy days and opening when conditions are more favourable for gas exchange.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Guard cells also\u00a0contain chloroplasts, the\u00a0light-capturing organelles in plants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Subsidiary cells, also called\u00a0accessory cells,\u00a0surround\u00a0and support guard cells.\n<ul>\n<li>They act as a\u00a0buffer between\u00a0guard cells and epidermal cells, protecting epidermal cells against guard cell expansion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>For most plants,\u00a0dawn triggers a sudden\u00a0increase in stomatal opening, reaching a\u00a0maximum near noon, which is\u00a0followed by a decline because of water loss.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Q1) What is Photosynthesis?<\/h3>\n<p>Photosynthesis is the process used by plants, algae and some bacteria to turn sunlight into energy. The process chemically converts carbon dioxide (CO2) and water into food (sugars) and oxygen. The chemical reaction often relies on a pigment called chlorophyll, which gives plants their green color.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2024-03-discovery-amino-acid-unveils-stomata.html#google_vignette\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>Discovery of amino acid unveils how light makes stomata open in plants<\/u><\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Stomata are tiny openings or pores in plant tissue that allow for gas exchange.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":21911,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-21910","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21910","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21910"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21910\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21911"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21910"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21910"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21910"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}