Efforts to reclaim degraded land from Chambal ravines expose both people and biodiversity to ecological risks from erosion and flooding.<\/span><\/p>\n
About Chambal River<\/b><\/h2>\n
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The Chambal River,<\/span> called Charmanvati in ancient times<\/b>, is one of the <\/span>major tributaries of the Yamuna<\/b> River.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
Located in<\/span> Central India, <\/b>the river forms part of the greater <\/span>Gangetic drainage system.<\/b><\/li>\n
It is known for its <\/span>clear and pristine waters,<\/b> and it is also<\/span> one of the cleanest<\/b> rivers in India.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
Course<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\n
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It is a <\/span>perennial river<\/b> and has its <\/span>source <\/b>in Janapav, located to the south of Mhow Town close to Indore on the <\/span>southern sides of the Vindhya Mountain Range<\/b> in <\/span>Madhya Pradesh.<\/b><\/li>\n
The river <\/span>flows <\/b>north-northeast<\/span> through Madhya Pradesh, <\/b>running <\/span>for a time through Rajasthan<\/b>, then forming the <\/span>boundary between Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh<\/b> before<\/span> turning southeast to join the Yamuna in Uttar Pradesh.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n
It flows through three Indian states: <\/span>Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n
It is the <\/span>largest of the rivers<\/b> flowing through <\/span>Rajasthan<\/b>.<\/span><\/li>\n
Total Length: 1024 kilometres\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
Drainage<\/b>:\u00a0<\/span>\n
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To its <\/span>south, east, and west<\/b>, the basin is defined by the <\/span>Vindhyan mountain ranges,<\/b> while the <\/span>northwestern boundary <\/b>is marked by the<\/span> Aravalli range.<\/b><\/li>\n
The <\/span>Chambal and its tributaries drain the Malwa region<\/b> of northwestern <\/span>Madhya Pradesh<\/b>, while <\/span>its tributary, the Banas, <\/b>which <\/span>rises in the Aravalli Range, drains southeastern Rajasthan.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
Tributaries<\/b>: The main tributaries of Chambal include the <\/span>Banas and Mej <\/b>rivers on the left and the <\/span>Parbati, Kali Sindh, and Shipra<\/b> rivers on the right.<\/span><\/li>\n
Major Dams: Gandhi Sagar, Jawahar Sagar, Rana Pratap Sagar, and Kota Barrage<\/b> dams are built on this river.<\/span><\/li>\n
Notable Landmark:<\/b> Pachnada confluence in Uttar Pradesh<\/b>, where<\/span> it meets the Kwari, Yamuna, Sind, and Pahuj rivers.<\/b><\/li>\n
National Chambal Sanctuary:\u00a0<\/b>\n
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Established in 1979, it covers 5400 sq.km. across <\/span>Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh.<\/b><\/li>\n
Known for protecting the <\/span>critically endangered Gharial crocodile<\/b>, along with <\/span>other crocodile species, turtles<\/b>, and diverse fish.<\/span><\/li>\n
A hotspot for birdwatching with over 300 bird species, including the<\/span> endangered Indian Skimmer.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
What is a Ravine?<\/b><\/h2>\n
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It is a <\/span>narrow valley with steep sides,<\/b> usually<\/span> caused by stream bank erosion.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n
Their <\/span>slopes <\/b>can be <\/span>quite sharp,<\/b> often between <\/span>20% and 70% in gradient. <\/b><\/li>\n
Ravines are smaller than canyons<\/b> and <\/span>larger than gullies.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n