{"id":25986,"date":"2024-08-22T09:00:56","date_gmt":"2024-08-22T03:30:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=25986"},"modified":"2025-10-13T12:29:38","modified_gmt":"2025-10-13T06:59:38","slug":"genome-editing-isdra2tnpb","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/genome-editing-isdra2tnpb\/","title":{"rendered":"Genome Editing- ISDra2TnpB"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>About Genome editing:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Genome editing is a powerful tool that allows scientists to make precise changes to the <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/dna\/\" target=\"_blank\">Deoxy-Ribonucleic Acid (DNA)<\/a> sequence of living organisms.<\/li>\n<li>This technology has vast applications in agriculture, where it can be used to enhance <strong>crop yields,<\/strong> improve<strong> resistance to pests and diseases<\/strong>, and introduce desirable traits like <strong>drought tolerance<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The most commonly known genome-editing tool is <strong>CRISPR<\/strong>, which has revolutionised genetic research due to its <strong>precision <\/strong>and <strong>efficiency.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>CRISPR and its limitations in plant genome editing:<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>CRISPR technology, particularly using proteins like<strong> Cas9 <\/strong>and <strong>Cas12<\/strong>, has been widely used in genome editing.<\/li>\n<li>These proteins work by cutting DNA at specific locations, allowing scientists to remove, add, or replace genetic material.<\/li>\n<li>However, a major limitation in plant genome editing has been the size of these proteins, which are often too large to be efficiently accommodated by plant cells.<\/li>\n<li>This has created a need for smaller, more efficient genome-editing tools that can work effectively in plant systems.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The ISDra2TnpB genome editor:<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Researchers have developed a new genome-editing tool called ISDra2TnpB, derived from the bacteria <i><strong>Deinococcus radiodurans<\/strong><\/i><strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>This tool is significantly smaller than the traditional CRISPR-associated proteins like Cas9 and Cas12, making it more suitable for use in plant cells.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Key Features of ISDra2TnpB:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Size advantage:<\/strong> ISDra2TnpB is less than half the size of Cas9 and Cas12, allowing for more efficient delivery and function within plant cells.<\/li>\n<li><strong>High editing efficiency:<\/strong> The tool has demonstrated a 33.58% editing efficiency in average plant genomes, making it a promising option for various crops.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Versatility:<\/strong> The researchers showed that ISDra2TnpB is effective in editing both monocot plants (like rice) and dicot plants (like Arabidopsis).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Base editing capabilities:<\/strong> The team further enhanced the tool by creating a hybrid base editor that can swap single nucleotides in the DNA sequence, opening up new possibilities for precise genetic modifications.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Potential applications in agriculture:<\/strong> The development of ISDra2TnpB has significant implications for agriculture, particularly in improving crop resilience and productivity. For example, this tool could be used to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reduce crop susceptibility to pests:<\/strong> By editing genes that make crops vulnerable to pests, ISDra2TnpB could help develop more pest-resistant varieties.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Enhance nutritional value:<\/strong> The tool could be used to remove anti-nutrient factors from crops, improving their nutritional content.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Increase crop resilience to environmental stress:<\/strong> ISDra2TnpB could help create shorter rice crops that are less prone to damage during cyclones, a common problem in cyclone-prone regions.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Q1. What is a Genome?<\/h3>\n<p>A genome is the complete set of genetic information in an organism, stored in DNA molecules called chromosomes. It includes genes that code for <strong>RNA<\/strong> and proteins, with eukaryotes containing their genomes in the nucleus and prokaryotes in the nucleoid.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/science\/icar-penn-state-team-makes-tool-small-enough-to-edit-plant-genomes\/article68549229.ece#:~:text=The%20researchers%20have%20expressed%20hope,prone%20to%20damage%20during%20cyclones\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">ICAR, Penn State team makes tool small enough to edit plant genomes &#8211; The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Genome editing is a powerful tool that allows scientists to make precise changes to the Deoxy-Ribonucleic Acid (DNA) sequence of living organisms.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":25987,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-25986","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25986","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25986"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25986\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25987"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25986"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25986"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25986"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}