{"id":2632,"date":"2024-08-21T03:54:38","date_gmt":"2024-08-20T22:24:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=2632"},"modified":"2025-10-06T11:55:25","modified_gmt":"2025-10-06T06:25:25","slug":"vaccine-derived-polio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/vaccine-derived-polio\/","title":{"rendered":"Vaccine-derived polio"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>About Vaccine-derived poliovirus:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>It is a documented variant of poliovirus that originates from the strain used in the oral polio vaccine (OPV).\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>The OPV includes a live, weakened poliovirus that temporarily replicates in the intestine, stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies and develop immunity.<\/li>\n<li>Understanding Vaccine-Derived Polio (VDPV)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vaccine composition<\/strong>: The Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV) contains a weakened form of the poliovirus, which stimulates an immune response.<\/li>\n<li><strong>cVDPV development<\/strong>: On rare occasions, in under-immunized populations, the excreted vaccine virus can circulate, undergo genetic changes, and potentially revert to a form capable of causing paralysis. This is known as <strong>circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV).<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Global context<\/strong>: Since 2000, over <strong>10 billion doses of OPV <\/strong>have been administered globally, resulting in <strong>24 cVDPV outbreaks in 21 countries<\/strong>, with fewer than 760 cases.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prevention<\/strong>: To stop cVDPV transmission, WHO recommends multiple rounds of <strong>high-quality immunisation<\/strong> campaigns.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Key Facts about Polio:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Polio overview<\/strong>: Polio is a viral infectious disease that can cause irreversible paralysis and even death by affecting the nervous system.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Wild Poliovirus strains<\/strong>: There are three distinct strains of wild poliovirus:\n<ul>\n<li>Wild Poliovirus Type 1 (WPV1)<\/li>\n<li>Wild Poliovirus Type 2 (WPV2)<\/li>\n<li>Wild Poliovirus Type 3 (WPV3)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Although symptomatically similar, each strain has genetic and virological differences, necessitating separate eradication efforts.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Transmission<\/strong>: The virus primarily spreads through the fecal-oral route and can multiply in the intestine, where it can invade the nervous system. It predominantly affects children under five.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Available vaccines<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV)<\/strong>: Administered as a birth dose, followed by three primary doses at 6, 10, and 14 weeks, and a booster dose at 16-24 months.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Injectable Polio Vaccine (IPV)<\/strong>: This vaccine is given as an additional dose along with the third DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis, and Tetanus) vaccine under the Universal Immunization Programme (UIP).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>India\u2019s polio-free status<\/strong>: India was declared <strong>polio-free<\/strong> by the <a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/world-health-organisation\/\" target=\"_blank\">World Health Organization (WHO)<\/a> in <strong>2014<\/strong>, with the last wild poliovirus case reported in 2011.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Q1. What is a vaccine?<\/h3>\n<p>A vaccine is a biological preparation that stimulates the body\u2019s immune response to specific diseases. It can be administered via needle injections, orally, or as a nasal spray, helping the immune system recognize and fight pathogens effectively.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/centre-says-meghalaya-polio-case-is-vaccine-derived\/article68547351.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Centre says Meghalaya polio case is vaccine-derived &#8211; The Hindu<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vaccine-derived poliovirus is a well-documented strain of poliovirus mutated from the strain originally contained in the oral polio vaccine.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2633,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2632","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2632","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2632"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2632\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2633"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2632"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2632"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2632"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}