{"id":2757,"date":"2023-02-06T06:26:03","date_gmt":"2023-02-06T00:56:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=2757"},"modified":"2025-03-26T00:06:17","modified_gmt":"2025-03-25T18:36:17","slug":"cytotoxins-ctxs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/cytotoxins-ctxs\/","title":{"rendered":"Cytotoxins (CTXs)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>About Cytotoxins:<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The Cytotoxins (CTXs) are an essential class of the <strong>non-enzymatic three-finger toxin family<\/strong> and are ubiquitously present in cobra venoms.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>These low-molecular-mass toxins, contributing to about 40 to 60% of the <strong>cobra venom proteome<\/strong>, play a significant role in cobra venom-induced toxicity, more prominently in dermonecrosis (local effects).\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Some CTXs are also responsible for <strong>depolarizing neurons and heart muscle<\/strong> membranes, thereby contributing to cardiac failures frequently observed in cobra-envenomed victims. Consequently, they are also known as cardiotoxins (CdTx).<\/li>\n<li>Interestingly, the proportion of cobra venom CTXs varies dramatically across different cobra species.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Usually, venoms from <strong>African spitting cobras have a higher proportion of CTXs<\/strong> than the Asiatic cobra ones, indicating geographical variation in snake venom composition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Key facts about the Cobra<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Cobras (genus Naja) are <strong>widely distributed over Asia and Africa<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Cobra bites are responsible for large mortality and morbidity on these continents, including the Indian sub-continent.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Cobra venoms are neurotoxic. However, they also exhibit local cytotoxic effects at the envenomed site, and the extent of cytotoxicity may vary from species to species.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Q1) What are Three-finger toxins?<\/h3>\n<p>Three-finger toxins (TFTs) are the main venom components of snakes from Elapidae family. Amino acid sequences of more than five hundreds TFTs are determined; these toxins form one of the largest protein families present in snake venoms.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source:\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1895719\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>Current insight on the mechanisms of Cobra venom cytotoxins can help anti-venom therapy<\/u><\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Cytotoxins (CTXs) are an essential class of the non-enzymatic three-finger toxin family.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":2758,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-2757","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2757","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2757"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2757\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2758"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2757"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2757"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2757"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}