{"id":31566,"date":"2025-03-30T09:51:22","date_gmt":"2025-03-30T04:21:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=31566"},"modified":"2025-04-16T12:59:05","modified_gmt":"2025-04-16T07:29:05","slug":"future-circular-collider-fcc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/future-circular-collider-fcc\/","title":{"rendered":"Future Circular Collider (FCC)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Future Circular Collider (FCC) Latest News<\/h2>\n<p>Plans for the Future Circular Collider (FCC), a proposed $30 billion project by CERN, have led to significant divisions within the scientific community.<\/p>\n<h2>What is the Future Circular Collider (FCC)?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Project scope: <\/strong>A <strong>91 km circular tunnel<\/strong> beneath the <strong>Swiss-French border<\/strong>, designed to accelerate and collide particles at <strong>unprecedented energies<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Purpose: <\/strong>To generate <strong>Higgs bosons in large numbers<\/strong> (Phase 1, ~2040) and later to <strong>collide protons at extreme energies<\/strong> (Phase 2, ~2070).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Estimated cost: $30 billion<\/strong> (initial), with long-term funding implications for the next <strong>decades<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Supporters: CERN leadership<\/strong> and senior physicists like <strong>Fabiola Gianotti and Mark Thomson<\/strong> claim it will be <strong>the most powerful instrument<\/strong> to study nature.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Critics: <\/strong>Many physicists fear the project will <strong>drain funds<\/strong>, limiting investment in other scientific advancements.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Alternative Proposals to FCC:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Linear accelerators: Straight-line accelerators<\/strong> could offer a <strong>cheaper and more adaptable<\/strong> approach to studying particle physics.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Plasma wave technology: <\/strong>Uses <strong>plasma waves to accelerate particles<\/strong> in a compact setup, potentially revolutionizing collider design in the next <strong>20 years<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>What is a Hadron?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>A <strong>hadron<\/strong> is a <strong>subatomic particle made of quarks<\/strong> and bound by the <strong>strong nuclear force<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Types of Hadrons:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mesons<\/strong> (e.g., pions, kaons)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Baryons<\/strong> (e.g., <strong>protons<\/strong>, <strong>neutrons<\/strong>)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>What is the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Location: <\/strong>Franco-Swiss border, operated by <strong>CERN<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Size: 27 km circular tunnel<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Purpose: Collides protons<\/strong> at high energies to study fundamental forces and particles.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Discoveries: Higgs boson (2012)<\/strong> confirmed the <strong>Higgs field<\/strong>, which gives particles mass.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Speed: <\/strong>Accelerates particles to <strong>99.999999% the speed of light<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Significance: <\/strong>Helps <strong>replicate Big Bang conditions<\/strong> and test theories like <strong>supersymmetry<\/strong> and <strong>extra dimensions<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Future Circular Collider (FCC) FAQs<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Q1: <\/strong>What is the Future Circular Collider (FCC)?<br \/>\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong> The FCC is a proposed next-generation particle collider, planned to be larger and more powerful than the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q2: <\/strong>Who is developing the Future Circular Collider?<br \/>\n<strong>Ans<\/strong>: The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) is leading its development.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q3: <\/strong>What is the purpose of the FCC?<br \/>\n<strong>Ans<\/strong>: It aims to explore new physics beyond the Standard Model, study dark matter, and potentially discover new particles.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q4: <\/strong>How big will the FCC be compared to the LHC?<br \/>\n<strong>Ans<\/strong>: The FCC is expected to have a circumference of around 100 km, nearly three times larger than the LHC (27 km).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/science\/2025\/mar\/29\/the-physics-community-has-never-split-like-this-row-erupts-over-plans-for-new-large-hadron-collider\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">TG<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A 91 km circular tunnel beneath the Swiss-French border, designed to accelerate and collide particles at unprecedented energies.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":31567,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-31566","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31566","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31566"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31566\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31567"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31566"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31566"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31566"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}