{"id":31872,"date":"2025-04-09T12:25:43","date_gmt":"2025-04-09T06:55:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=31872"},"modified":"2025-04-16T16:28:19","modified_gmt":"2025-04-16T10:58:19","slug":"quantum-supremacy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/quantum-supremacy\/","title":{"rendered":"Quantum Supremacy"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Quantum Supremacy Latest News<\/h2>\n<p>Researchers from the University of Oxford and Universidad de Sevilla demonstrated quantum supremacy through a simple mathematical game, published in Physical Review Letters.<\/p>\n<h2>What is Quantum Supremacy?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Quantum supremacy refers to the ability of a quantum computer to solve a problem that classical computers cannot solve efficiently.<\/li>\n<li>It marks a <strong>milestone in quantum computing<\/strong>, proving that <strong>quantum machines can outperform classical computers<\/strong> for certain specific tasks.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Demonstrating quantum supremacy<\/strong> has been a long-standing challenge due to the <strong>complexity of designing problems<\/strong> that showcase this advantage in an unambiguous and easily verifiable way.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>The Quantum Supremacy Game\u00a0<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The game is based on the <strong>&#8220;odd-cycle graph colouring problem&#8221;<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Can you colour a circle with an odd number of sections using only two colours<\/strong>, such that <strong>no two adjacent sections share the same colour<\/strong>?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mathematically, this is impossible<\/strong> in classical terms for any odd-numbered cycle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>It uses only two entangled qubits<\/strong>, making the setup <strong>far simpler<\/strong> than earlier quantum supremacy demonstrations.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Google\u2019s 2019 experiment<\/strong> used <strong>random circuit sampling<\/strong> on its <strong>Sycamore processor with 53 superconducting qubits<\/strong>, which required massive computational resources.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li><strong>China\u2019s Jiuzhang quantum computer<\/strong> used <strong>Gaussian boson sampling<\/strong>, again demanding complex tools and mathematics.<\/li>\n<li>In contrast, this new game-based method is <strong>minimalist<\/strong> yet <strong>powerful<\/strong>, demonstrating <strong>clear quantum advantage with far fewer resources<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Quantum vs Classical Computing<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Classical Computers<\/strong> operate on <strong>bits (0 or 1)<\/strong> and rely on <strong>classical physics<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Quantum Computers<\/strong> work on <strong>qubits<\/strong>, which can exist in <strong>superposition<\/strong> \u2014 being <strong>0 and 1 at the same time<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Qubits also exhibit <strong>entanglement<\/strong>, where the state of one qubit <strong>instantly affects<\/strong> another, regardless of distance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Superposition and Entanglement:<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Superposition<\/strong> allows a quantum processor to perform <strong>many computations simultaneously<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Entanglement<\/strong> creates <strong>non-classical correlations<\/strong>, which are central to <strong>quantum communication, cryptography, and computation<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Power of Qubits<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>As the number of <strong>qubits increases<\/strong>, the computational capacity increases <strong>exponentially<\/strong> compared to classical bits.<\/li>\n<li>For instance, a 50-qubit quantum processor can potentially <strong>outperform the fastest classical supercomputer<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Quantum Supremacy FAQs<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Q1. <\/strong>What is quantum supremacy?<br \/>\n<strong>Ans.<\/strong> Demonstrated when a quantum computer solves a problem infeasible for classical computers (e.g., Google\u2019s 2019 Sycamore processor).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q2<\/strong>. Why is it strategic for India?<br \/>\n<strong>Ans.<\/strong> Critical for cryptography, drug discovery, and AI. India\u2019s National Quantum Mission (2023) allocates \u20b96,000 crore for R&amp;D by 2031.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q3. <\/strong>Which Indian institutions lead quantum research?<br \/>\n<strong>Ans.<\/strong> IISc Bengaluru, TIFR Mumbai, and IIT Madras\u2019 <i>Centre for Quantum Information, Communication, and Computing<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q4. <\/strong>What are the key challenges?<br \/>\n<strong>Ans.<\/strong> Error rates in qubits, scalability issues, and high costs (\u20b9100+ crore per advanced quantum computer).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/science\/quantum-advantage-odd-cycle-graph-two-qubits\/article69407720.ece#:~:text=As%20demonstrated%20in%20the%20study,qubits%2C%20an%20enormous%20computational%20resource\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">TH<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quantum Supremacy is the point at which a quantum computer outperforms the most powerful classical computers in solving a specific, complex problem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":31873,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-31872","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31872","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=31872"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/31872\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/31873"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=31872"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=31872"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=31872"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}