{"id":32289,"date":"2023-02-01T07:08:01","date_gmt":"2023-02-01T01:38:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=32289"},"modified":"2025-04-19T10:15:53","modified_gmt":"2025-04-19T04:45:53","slug":"economic-survey-2022-23-status-of-health-and-education-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/economic-survey-2022-23-status-of-health-and-education-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Economic Survey 2022-23: Status of Health and Education in India"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>What\u2019s in today\u2019s article?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Why in News?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>What is the Scenario of the Health Sector in India?\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>What is the Scenario of the Education Sector in India?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Why in News?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>According to the recently released Economic Survey 2022-23, almost half of all <strong>health<\/strong> spending in India is still paid by patients themselves, although this has dropped as the government\u2019s share of spending on health went up significantly after 2013-14.<\/li>\n<li>While the expenditure on social services increased from \u20b99,15,500 to \u20b921,32,059 crore, the budgetary allocation for <strong>education<\/strong> as a percentage of total expenditure has dropped over the past seven years, from 10.4% to 9.5%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\n<strong>What is the Scenario of the Health Sector in India?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\n\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/GdHLer9svRm5JOiI9Cq31WhRc8ehCUnYJQuZnEzHwEUg-nEHiX8ebL6Qqny6R7T6C58QJNFGEO6u8Zqu-te0dTXb2_gzr8FihyiC6R5IQxjGeTsM6ZGAAgeD9u1rFwE4_4zhREU-Uxsw\" alt=\"\" \/><\/h2>\n<p>Image Caption: Expenditure on Health in India<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Increase in the share of government health expenditure:<\/strong> It was just 28.6% (in comparison to the total health expenditure) in the financial year 2013-14, but rose to <strong>40.6% by 2018-19.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>For 2018-19, India\u2019s total health expenditure was estimated to be \u20b95,96,440 crore (current + capital expenditures by the govt, private sources including external funds), which is <strong>3.2% of GDP and amounts to \u20b94,470 per capita.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>India\u2019s budgeted expenditure<\/strong> on the health sector reached 2.1% of the GDP in financial year 2023 (Budget estimates) and 2.2% in FY 2022 (revised estimates).\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>This is closer to the recommendations <strong>(2.5% by 2025) <\/strong>made in the National Health Policy 2017 as well as the 15th Finance Commission.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li><strong>Decline in out-of-pocket expenditure:<\/strong> Consequently, it declined as a percentage of total health expenditure from 64.2% in 2013-14 to 48.2% in 2018-19.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Out-of-pocket expenditure<\/strong> is the money paid directly by households, at the point of receiving health care.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>This occurs when neither the individual is protected by any public\/private insurance\/social protection system, nor are services offered free of charge through a government health institution.<\/li>\n<li>In states such as Uttar Pradesh, the out-of-pocket estimates were as high as <strong>71.3%.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Increase in the share of health expenditure in total expenditure on social services:<\/strong> It has increased from 21% in FY 2019 to 26% in FY 2023 (BE).<\/li>\n<li>This underscores the rising importance of public healthcare and social security in ensuring <strong>universal health coverage<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>One of the major factors for this increase is the<strong> expenditure incurred in the national Covid-19 vaccination programme<\/strong> (97% have received both the doses).\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Under the <strong>Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyaan<\/strong>, the government invested in setting up critical care hospital blocks in all districts and to strengthen the laboratory network and surveillance.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The Intensified Mission Indradhanush<\/strong> (MI) programme was launched (in FY 2023) to cover children and pregnant women who missed routine immunisation during the Covid-19 pandemic.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ayushman Bharat Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-JAY) falling short of the target:<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Under the Union Health Ministry\u2019s largest cashless health insurance scheme, approximately 21.9 crore beneficiaries have been verified, including 3 crore beneficiaries verified using State IT systems.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>This is <strong>less than 50% of the originally targeted approximately 50 crore beneficiaries <\/strong>under the scheme.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The rate of overweight children (under 5) and men-women has gone up:<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>According to the National Family Health Survey, for children it has gone up from 2.1% in 2015-16 to 3.4% in 2019-21.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Similarly, the number of women who are overweight or obese has increased from 20.6% to 24%, while the number of men has gone up from 18.9% to 22.9%.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\n<p>\n<strong>What is the Scenario of the Education Sector in India?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh4.googleusercontent.com\/5Kj902GSTB8E08YmSeFz4mFGQoFo43ihcPzFvzId_7_NzWGVDYnpSmlZyh2HDhwunLCT2BbH82W0HQee_0oekPboESgkvk3jJs-Uu_P55SkqaqPbg13ggIcGHBNoSJIIDIssQQSRBRlP\" alt=\"\" \/><br \/>\nH3: Image Caption: Expenditure on Education in India<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Decline in the govt share of expenditure:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>The share of education expenditure <strong>within the social services umbrella category<\/strong> shrank from 42.8% to 35.5% between 2015-2016 and 2022-2023, mainly due to the faster growth in spending on health and other measures.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li><strong>The share of education in total expenditure<\/strong> on education declined from 10.7% in 2019-2020 to 9.1% in the first COVID year, before being raised to 9.5% in the budgetary estimates for 2022-2023.<\/li>\n<li>As a share of total GDP, the budgetary allocation for education saw only a minimal gain of 0.1 percentage points, <strong>from 2.8% to 2.9% <\/strong>during the same seven-year period.<\/li>\n<li><strong>COVID worsens dropout rates:<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Though school dropout rates have improved since 2013-2014, <strong>there has been some reversal of gains<\/strong> since COVID-19.<\/li>\n<li>The total dropout rate in <strong>primary school<\/strong> was 0.8% in 2020-2021, <strong>but rose back to 1.5% in 2021-2022<\/strong> (significantly better than the 4.7% dropout rate in 2013-2014).\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>In <strong>upper primary<\/strong> classes, the dropout rate was 2.3% in the year 2020-21, but rose to 3% in 2021-2022, only marginally lower than the 3.1% level seen in 2013-2014.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>In the <strong>secondary classes<\/strong>, however, the situation has steadily <strong>improved<\/strong>, with the dropout rate falling from 16.1% in 2019-2020 to 14% the following year and 12.6% last year.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Number of schools:<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Between 2013-2014 and 2021-2022<\/strong>, the total number of schools declined from 15.2 lakh to 14.9 lakh, with primary and upper primary schools seeing a reduction of one lakh schools to 11.9 lakh.<\/li>\n<li>Though the number of secondary and senior secondary schools rose by 60,000 to a total of 2.3 lakh.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Higher education enrolment up:<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The total enrolment in higher education has increased to nearly 4.1 crore in financial year 2020-21 from 3.9 crore in 2019-20.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Since 2014-15, there has been an increase of around 72 lakh or 21% in enrolment, while distance education has also grown at a similar rate of 20%.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li><strong>Number of higher education institutions:<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>As far as higher education is concerned, the number of medical colleges in the country increased from 387 in 2014 to 648 in 2022.<\/li>\n<li>The number of Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) rose from 16 to 23 between 2014 and 2022 and Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) increased from 13 to 20.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>The strength of Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIITs) was 25 in 2022 against 9 in 2014. In 2014, there were 723 Universities in the country, which have increased to 1,113.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Q1) How much is the India\u2019s budgeted expenditure on health sector?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>India\u2019s budgeted expenditure on the health sector reached 2.1% of the GDP in financial year 2023 (Budget estimates) and 2.2% in FY 2022 (revised estimates). This is closer to the recommendations (2.5% by 2025) made in the National Health Policy 2017 as well as the 15th Finance Commission.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Q2) What is the budgetary allocation for education sector in India?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>As a share of total GDP, the budgetary allocation for education saw only a minimal gain of 0.1 percentage points, from 2.8% to 2.9% during the same seven-year period.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source:\u00a0 <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/health\/economic-survey-2022-23-out-of-pocket-health-spending-still-high-despite-hike-in-government-expenditure\/article66454817.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><strong><u>Out-of-pocket health spending still high, despite hike in government expenditure<\/u><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0 |\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/health\/economic-surve-2022-23-share-of-education-in-budgetary-allocations-has-fallen-over-last-7-years\/article66454592.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><strong><u>TH<\/u><\/strong><\/a>\u00a0 |\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/business\/india-business\/budget\/sector-impact\/healthcare\/covid-vax-drive-boosts-budget-spend-on-health\/articleshow\/97505377.cms?from=mdr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><strong><u>ToI<\/u><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Video:\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=us4M0Ob6gNA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=us4M0Ob6gNA<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Economic Survey details the state of the economic performance of the country in the past year.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":32290,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-32289","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-mains-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32289","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32289"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32289\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32290"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32289"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32289"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32289"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}