{"id":32477,"date":"2023-02-08T08:26:30","date_gmt":"2023-02-08T02:56:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=32477"},"modified":"2025-04-19T13:15:09","modified_gmt":"2025-04-19T07:45:09","slug":"india-turkey-bilateral-relations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/india-turkey-bilateral-relations\/","title":{"rendered":"India-Turkey Bilateral Relations"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>What\u2019s in today\u2019s article?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Why in news?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Background of India-Turkey Relation<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Political relation<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Economic &amp; Commercial Relations<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Cultural Relations<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Indian Community<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Challenges in the relationship<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Why in news?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>India has sent rescue and medical teams, including an Army medical team and National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) personnel, along with medical supplies to quake-hit Turkey.\n<ul>\n<li>More than 7000 people have been killed and thousands injured by a huge earthquake which struck south-eastern Turkey, near the Syrian border.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>India also sent relief materials, including lifesaving medicines and medical items, in a transport aircraft of the Indian Air Force (IAF) to Syria.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Background of India-Turkey Relation:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Diplomatic relations were established and Ambassadors exchanged in 1948.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Since the establishment of diplomatic relation, political and bilateral relations have been warm and cordial.<\/li>\n<li>However, some sporadic tensions remain in the relationship due to Turkey&#8217;s support for Pakistan. Its stand on Kashmir has also been a problem area between the two countries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Political relation<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>After the diplomatic relations were established, the visit by the first PM Nehru in 1960 was the first prime ministerial visit to T\u00fcrkiye.<\/li>\n<li>Most recent political level contacts include a bilateral meeting between PM Modi and Turkish President Recep Erdogan in September 2022 on the sidelines of the SCO Summit in Samarkand (Uzbekistan).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Economic &amp; Commercial Relations<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Bilateral Trade Agreement between India and T\u00fcrkiye was signed in 1973.<\/li>\n<li>It was followed by an Agreement on setting up an India\u2013T\u00fcrkiye Joint Commission on Economic and Technical Cooperation (JCETC) in 1983.<\/li>\n<li>Bilateral trade crossed USD 10.70 billion in 2021-22.\u00a0\u00a0\n<ul>\n<li>India\u2019s export to Tukey for 2021-22 was $ 8,716.13 million.<\/li>\n<li>India\u2019s import for this period was $ 1,996.75 million.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The major Indian exports to Turkey include:\u00a0\n<ul>\n<li>petroleum products, auto components\/parts, man-made yarn, fabrics, made ups, aircraft &amp; spacecraft parts, etc.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Imports from Turkey include:\u00a0\n<ul>\n<li>industrial machinery, broken\/unbroken poppy seeds; machinery and mechanical appliances, iron and steel articles thereof, inorganic chemicals, granite and marble, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Indian companies have invested about USD 126 million in Turkey and Turkish investment in India is about USD 210.47 million.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Cultural Relations<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>India and T\u00fcrkiye have traditionally shared cultural linkages. There is a formally agreed arrangement for cultural cooperation through a Cultural Exchange Programme (CEP).<\/li>\n<li>A Festival of India in T\u00fcrkiye, India by the Bosphorus, was held in March-April 2019 showcasing Indian dance, music, food and fashion in major cities in T\u00fcrkiye.<\/li>\n<li>The Indian Council of Cultural Relations (ICCR) sponsored a Gujarati folk dance group \u2018Saptak\u2019 visited Bursa (T\u00fcrkiye) in the 34th International Golden Karagoz Folk Competition in July 2022.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Indian Community<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>T\u00fcrkiye has a small Indian community of around 2000 people. They are mostly in Istanbul and working in commercial organizations, banks and computer firms, universities etc.<\/li>\n<li>There are currently around 200 Indian students in T\u00fcrkiye.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><strong>Challenges in the relationship<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Tukey\u2019s stand on Kashmir<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>In 2022, Turkish PM Erdogan, in his UN General Assembly speech, criticized India for failing to resolve ties with Pakistan and establish a fair, permanent peace and prosperity in Kashmir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Abrogation of Article 370 by India<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>After the abrogation of Article 370 in 2019, which abolished the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, India-Turkey ties have deteriorated.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Turkey has fast emerged as a hub of anti-India activities\n<ul>\n<li>Turkey follows a three-pronged approach to in this regard:\u00a0\n<ul>\n<li>employment of Kashmiri journalists,\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>providing scholarships to Indian Muslims, and\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>funding NGOs in India to influence Indian Muslims.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Turkey also encourages radical Kashmiri youth to shift base to Istanbul and Ankara.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Moreover, Turkey-made pistols were recovered from Pakistani terrorists earlier this year.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Issue of Cyprus, Armenia and Greece<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>In response to the stand taken by Turkey on Kashmir, PM Modi responded by holding meetings with the leaders of Armenia, Cyprus, and Greece, three countries with which Turkey has disputes.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>In 2021, Indian EAM Jaishankar met the foreign minister of Cyprus and called for adhering to the UNSC resolution on Cyprus.\n<ul>\n<li>Turkey has been routinely criticized for its illegal occupation of Northern Cyprus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>In the most recent border dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan, India encouraged an end to hostilities by the aggressor side, which many believe to be Azerbaijan.\n<ul>\n<li>Armenia and Azerbaijan are fighting over the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region.<\/li>\n<li>In this war, Turkey has supported Azerbaijan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The stalemate in India-Turkey relations stems from Turkey\u2019s inability to decouple itself from Pakistan and the Kashmir issue and conduct relations with India independently.<\/li>\n<li>Turkey is looking for avenues to strengthen its dwindling economy. Improved ties with India would certainly help Turkey in this regard.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Q1)<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>What is the geographical location of Turkey?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Turkey is located in Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia. European (or Balkan) Turkey is relatively small compared to the Asian part, the Anatolian Plateau, which is a large peninsula.\u00a0Turkey is surrounded on three sides by the Black Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Aegean Sea.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q2)<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>What is National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Disaster Management Act has statutory provisions for constitution of National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) for the purpose of specialized response to natural and man-made disasters. Accordingly, in 2006 NDRF was constituted.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Source:\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/india\/turkey-syria-earthquake-army-medical-ndrf-teams-land-in-turkey-with-relief-material-8430373\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>Army medical, NDRF teams land in Turkey with relief material<\/u><\/a>\u00a0 <strong>|<\/strong>\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.indembassyankara.gov.in\/page\/relation\/#:~:text=Bilateral%20Trade%20Agreement%20between%20India,alternately%20in%20India%20and%20T%C3%BCrkiye.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>Indian Embassy in Ankara<\/u><\/a>\u00a0 <strong>|<\/strong>\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/thediplomat.com\/2022\/09\/india-and-turkiye-still-searching-for-a-breakthrough\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>The Diplomat<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ndia and Turkey established diplomatic relations and exchanged Ambassadors in 1948.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":32478,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-32477","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-mains-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32477","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=32477"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/32477\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32478"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32477"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32477"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32477"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}