{"id":33805,"date":"2022-12-19T06:40:24","date_gmt":"2022-12-19T01:10:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=33805"},"modified":"2025-04-20T01:47:18","modified_gmt":"2025-04-19T20:17:18","slug":"organ-donations-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/organ-donations-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Organ donations in India"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>What\u2019s in today\u2019s article?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>News Summary<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Why in News?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>As per data shared in Parliament by the Union Health Ministry, after a dip in 2020 owing to the pandemic, organ donations picked up again in 2021 with 12,387 organs harvested from deceased as well as living donors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>News Summary<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>After a fall during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic, organ donation numbers bounced back in 2021.<\/li>\n<li>However, the number of deceased donations has remained lower than the number of donations from living persons.\n<ul>\n<li>Deceased donation &#8211; organs donated by the kin of those who suffered brain death or cardiac death.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Statistics of Organ Donation in India<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh6.googleusercontent.com\/U9fbvQeDMruAVhkbpF5kUbX76DN0trEtXtwYOu28I58nER10USaoRlYOXEPxHvg_Fv0OsJypzZEXAL9tnb46HXy6EXp-Yc5K7UctFFWit9-6rafvLvkd3HQoeZ7KtDGZUc4UKFQQTRB5eknmHLECzw\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Image Caption: Trend of Organ Donation in India<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Of the 12,387 organs \u2014 kidney, liver, heart, lungs, and pancreas among others \u2014 harvested in 2021, only 1,743 (a little more than 14%) were from deceased donors.<\/li>\n<li>The numbers harvested in 2021 were close to the highest in the last five years (12,746, in 2019).<\/li>\n<li>The numbers are skewed in favour of living donations \u2014 organs like kidney and liver donated by living family members.<\/li>\n<li>There is also a <u>g<\/u>eographical skew in deceased donations.\n<ul>\n<li>All but two deceased organ donations in 2021 were in 15 states.<\/li>\n<li>The top five \u2014 Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Karnataka \u2014 accounting for more than 85% of the total.<\/li>\n<li>Two organs were harvested from a deceased donor in Goa.<\/li>\n<li>One reason for the geographical skew could be that most organ transplant and harvesting centres are concentrated in these geographies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>India has an organ donation rate of about 0.52 per million population.\n<ul>\n<li>In comparison, the organ donation rate in Spain, the highest in the world, is 49.6 per million population.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>What is the need to increase deceased donations?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Increased demand<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>There is a gap in the number of organs needed and the number of transplants that happen in the country.\n<ul>\n<li>In absolute numbers, India conducts the third highest number of transplants in the world.<\/li>\n<li>Of the estimated 1.5-2 lakh persons who need a kidney transplant every year, only around 8,000 get one. And of the 10,000 who need a heart transplant, only 200 get it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Demand is on the rise because of the increasing prevalence of lifestyle diseases.<\/li>\n<li>Besides, organs like heart and lungs can be retrieved only from deceased donors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Precious resources are wasted<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Without deceased donations, a precious resource is wasted.<\/li>\n<li>Nearly 1.5 lakh persons die in road traffic accidents every year in India, many of whom can ideally donate organs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Regulatory framework for organ donation in India<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Legislation<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>In 1994, The Transplantation of Human Organs Act (THOA) was promulgated by the government of India.<\/li>\n<li>The Transplantation of Human Organs Rules followed in 1995 and were last amended in 2014, increasing the scope of donation and including tissues for transplantation.<\/li>\n<li>The act made commercialization of organs a punishable offence and legalized the concept of brain death in India allowing deceased donation by obtaining organs from brain stem dead person.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Institution<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>National Organ and Tissue Transplant Organization<\/strong> (NOTTO) is a national level organization set up under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.<\/li>\n<li>Besides laying down policy guidelines and protocols for various functions, it coordinates all the activities associated with organ donation at national level.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>What are the reasons for low organ donation rate in India?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Existing system<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>In India a person has to register to be an organ donor and the family has to consent to it after death.\n<ul>\n<li>Even with a donor card, the family\u2019s consent is sought for organ donation after the death of the individual.<\/li>\n<li>If the family refuses, the organs are not harvested.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>On the other hand, Spain has an opt-out system where a person is presumed to be a donor unless otherwise specified.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Availability of transplant coordinator<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Having a medically qualified transplant coordinator helps in organ donation.\n<ul>\n<li>A transplant coordinator is the patient&#8217;s link to the transplant hospital.<\/li>\n<li>They also serve as information resources for patients and families after the transplant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>India has smaller number of such coordinators.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Transport infrastructure<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Good transport networks between cities and states can help boost organ donation.<\/li>\n<li>There is need to improve coordination among the Road, Railway, and Aviation Ministries to facilitate the creation of green corridors for faster transportation of organs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Less awareness<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>There is need for more awareness about organ transplant so that people register as donors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Q1) When is Organ Donation Day celebrated in India?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Organ Donation Day is observed every year on 13<sup>th<\/sup> of August. The aim of this day is to motivate normal human beings to pledge to donate organs after death, and to spread awareness about the importance of organ donation.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Q2) What is the rank of India in organ donation?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>India ranks third in the world only after USA and China as per the data available on the Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation (GODT) website.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>Source:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/health\/organ-transplants-from-deceased-donor\/article65381304.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Explained | The process of organ transplants from a deceased donor<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Organ donations picked up again in 2021 with 12,387 organs harvested from deceased as well as living donors.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":33806,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-33805","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-mains-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33805","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=33805"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33805\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/33806"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=33805"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=33805"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=33805"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}