{"id":34131,"date":"2023-03-28T09:16:25","date_gmt":"2023-03-28T03:46:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=34131"},"modified":"2025-04-20T09:14:16","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T03:44:16","slug":"heatwaves-findings-of-the-cpr-report","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/heatwaves-findings-of-the-cpr-report\/","title":{"rendered":"Heatwaves: Findings of the CPR Report"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>What\u2019s in today\u2019s article?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Why in News?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>What is the phenomenon of Heatwaves?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>What are HAPs?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>What are the Findings of the CPR Report?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>What are the CPR\u2019s Report Recommendations?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>What are the Indian Government\u2019s Initiatives to Deal with Impact of Heatwaves?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Why in News?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>According to a new report titled \u201cHow is India Adapting to Heatwaves?\u201d by the think-tank Centre for Policy Research, the country is ill-prepared to face the heat.<\/li>\n<li>The report <strong>analysed all the 37 heat action plans (HAPs)<\/strong> across 18 States, to evaluate how policy action is keeping up with the warming weather in India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><strong>What is the phenomenon of Heatwaves?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Qualitatively, a heat wave is a <strong>condition of air temperature<\/strong> which becomes fatal to the human body when exposed.<\/li>\n<li>Quantitatively, it is defined based on the <strong>temperature thresholds<\/strong> over a region in terms of actual temperature or its departure from normal.<\/li>\n<li>Heat wave is considered if the maximum temperature of a station reaches at least <strong>40 degree Celsius <\/strong>or more for Plains and at least <strong>30<\/strong> <strong>degree Celsius <\/strong>or more for Hilly regions (37 degree Celsius or more for coastal stations).\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Based on Departure from Normal:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Heat Wave:<\/strong> Departure from normal is 4.5 &#8211; 6.4 degree Celsius.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Severe Heat Wave:<\/strong> Departure from normal is &gt; 6.4 degree Celsius.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Based on Actual Maximum Temperature:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Heat Wave:<\/strong> When actual maximum temperature \u2265 45 degree Celsius.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Severe Heat Wave:<\/strong> When actual maximum temperature \u2265 47 degree Celsius.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi-test.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com\/media\/content\/ckeditor\/2023\/03\/30\/image-20230330204428-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Image Caption: Heat-wave vulnerability in India<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>What are HAPs?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Landmark heatwaves<\/strong> (1998, 2002, 2010, 2015, 2022) have each led to large death tolls and extensive economic damage by reducing labour productivity and affecting water availability, agriculture, and energy systems.<\/li>\n<li>Governments across India at the State, district, and municipal levels have responded by creating <strong>heat action plans (HAPs).<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>HAPs prescribe a variety of preparatory activities <\/strong>and post-heatwave response measures across government departments to decrease the impact of heatwaves.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure class=\"media\">\n<div data-oembed-url=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=sv_3jKIO-DU\">\n<div><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/sv_3jKIO-DU\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>What are the Findings of the CPR Report?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>HAPs are not built for local contexts and <strong>nearly all HAPs fail to identify and target vulnerable groups<\/strong> and are <strong>underfunded <\/strong>with <strong>weak legal foundations<\/strong> and are <strong>insufficiently transparent<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Only two HAPs carry out and present vulnerability assessments<\/strong> (systematic studies to locate where the people most likely to be affected are in a city, district, or State).<\/li>\n<li>Only three of 37 HAPs <strong>identify funding sources<\/strong> and eight HAPs ask implementing departments to self-allocate resources, indicating a <strong>serious funding constraint<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>None of the HAPs indicate the <strong>legal sources of their authority<\/strong> &#8211; reducing bureaucratic incentives to prioritise and comply with HAPs instructions.<\/li>\n<li>There is <strong>no national repository of HAPs <\/strong>and very few HAPs are listed online.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>What are the CPR\u2019s Report Recommendations?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>The HAPs must identify sources of financing<\/strong> either from new funds or by combining actions with existing national and State policies.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The HAPs must set up rigorous independent evaluations<\/strong> as a basis for constant improvement.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Implementation-oriented HAPs<\/strong> so that India\u2019s poorest will no longer continue to suffer from extreme heat, paying with both their health and incomes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>What are the Indian Government\u2019s Initiatives to Deal with Impact of Heatwaves?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>India Meteorological Department (IMD) <\/strong>issues colour coded impact based heat wave warning for public benefit through mass media.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mission LiFE (Lifestyle for Environment) <\/strong>seeks to promote sustainable lifestyles and practices that conserve the environment and have climate co-benefits.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Environment Education Programme (EEP)<\/strong> sensitises children\/youth on issues related to the environment and to motivate them to adopt sustainable lifestyles.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Water Technology Initiative (WTI) <\/strong>aims to develop research based solutions to deal with challenges in the areas of water quality, quantity, water reuse and recycling.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) <\/strong>and IMD are working with 23 States prone to high temperatures leading to heat-wave conditions for supporting HAPs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u00a0<\/h3>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Q1) Why is India&#8217;s population highly vulnerable to heatwaves?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>In India, heatwaves caused 22,562 deaths between 1992 and 2015. A large proportion of India&#8217;s population is highly vulnerable to heat waves due to the possession of fewer household amenities as well as lower rates of literacy and access to water and sanitation.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Q2) What is the Water Technology Initiative (WTI)?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Water Technology Initiative, initiated in August 2007 aims to promote R&amp;D activities aimed at providing safe drinking water at affordable cost and in adequate quantity using appropriate Science and Technology interventions evolved through indigenous efforts.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Source:\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/without-action-plans-indias-poorest-will-continue-to-bear-brunt-of-heatwaves-study\/article66668156.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>Without action plans, India\u2019s poorest will continue to bear brunt of heatwaves<\/u><\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1911132\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>PIB<\/u><\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/ndma.gov.in\/sites\/default\/files\/IEC\/Booklets\/HeatWave%20A5%20BOOK%20Final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>NDMA.gov.in<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Heat wave is a condition of air temperature which becomes fatal to the human body when exposed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":34132,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-34131","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-mains-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34131","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34131"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34131\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34132"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34131"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34131"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34131"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}