{"id":34411,"date":"2022-11-29T06:46:02","date_gmt":"2022-11-29T01:16:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=34411"},"modified":"2025-04-20T13:21:49","modified_gmt":"2025-04-20T07:51:49","slug":"saras-3-telescope-throws-light-on-the-nature-of-early-stars-and-galaxies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/saras-3-telescope-throws-light-on-the-nature-of-early-stars-and-galaxies\/","title":{"rendered":"Saras 3 Telescope Throws Light on the Nature of Early Stars and Galaxies"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>What\u2019s in today\u2019s article:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>About radio telescope<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>About SARAS 3<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>News Summary<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Why In News:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>SARAS 3, a radio telescope designed and built at the Raman Research Institute (RRI), Bengaluru, has revealed information about the origins of the Universe&#8217;s first stars and galaxies.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>About Radio telescope:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com\/media\/editor_images\/2022\/11\/29\/13\/43\/19\/6385bf1fcc235105abfcd834_OI.PNG\" alt=\"\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Optical telescopes collect visible light, bring it to a focus, amplify it and make it available for analysis by various instruments.<\/li>\n<li>Similarly, radio telescopes<strong>\u00a0collect weak radio light waves (<\/strong>usually referred to by its frequency<strong>)<\/strong>, bring it to a focus, amplify it and make it available for analysis.<\/li>\n<li>Radio telescopes are used to study naturally occurring radio light from\u00a0<u>stars, galaxies, black holes<\/u>\u00a0and other astronomical objects.<\/li>\n<li>They can also be used to transmit and reflect radio light off of planetary bodies in our solar system.\n<ul>\n<li>Naturally occurring radio waves are extremely weak by the time they reach earth from space.<\/li>\n<li>Therefore, detecting the signal even using the most powerful existing radio telescopes, has remained a challenge for astronomers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>These specially-designed telescopes\u00a0<u>observe the longest wavelengths<\/u>\u00a0of light, ranging from 1 millimeter to over 10 meters long (visible light waves only a few hundred nanometers long).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>About Shaped Antenna measurement of the background Radio Spectrum 3 (SARAS) telescope:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Experiment and science:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>SARAS is a niche high-risk high-gain experimental effort to design, build and deploy in India a precision radio telescope<strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>CMB Distortion Laboratory at RRI<\/strong>\u00a0has pioneered the development of state-of-the-art radio telescopes which are designed to detect signals of high wavelength and low frequency.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Latest unique deployment over water:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>In 2020, the radio telescope was deployed in lakes in Northern Karnataka, on Dandiganahalli Lake and Sharavati backwaters by the RRI.<\/li>\n<li>This intelligent design substantially enhanced telescope performance and had never been conceived of in the world.<\/li>\n<li>This helped provide a homogenous medium below the antenna improving sensitivity and reducing confusing radio waves emitted by the very ground beneath radio telescopes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Significance of SARAS 3 telescope:\u00a0<\/strong>It is indeed the first experiment to reach the required sensitivity and cross-verify the claim of the signal detection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>News Summary:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Researchers from RRI, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) in Australia, etc., used data from SARAS-3 to throw light on the energy output, luminosity and masses of the first generation of galaxies.<\/li>\n<li>Scientists study properties of very early galaxies by observing radiation from hydrogen atoms in and around galaxies, emitted at a frequency of approximately 1420 MHz<\/li>\n<li>The radiation is stretched by the expansion of the universe, as it travels across space and time and arrives at Earth in lower frequency radio bands 50-200 MHz, also used by FM and TV transmissions.<\/li>\n<li>According to the RRI, in a first-of-its-kind work, using data from an Indian telescope, scientists have determined properties of\u00a0<u>radio luminous galaxies formed just 200 million years after the Big Bang<\/u>, a period known as the\u00a0<strong>Cosmic Dawn.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>SARAS 3 has\u00a0<u>improved the understanding of astrophysics of Cosmic Dawn<\/u>. It has shown that less than 3% of the gaseous matter within early galaxies was converted into stars, and that the earliest galaxies that were bright in radio emission were also strong in X-rays.<\/li>\n<li>Earlier the SARAS-3 team used the same data to reject claims of the detection of a signal from Cosmic Dawn made by the EDGES radio telescope developed by researchers from Arizona State University (ASU) and MIT, USA.<\/li>\n<li>SARAS-3 has been able to put an upper limit to excess radiation at radio wavelengths, lowering existing limits set by the ARCADE and Long Wavelength Array (LWA) experiments in the US.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SARAS is a niche high-risk high-gain experimental effort of RRI.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":34412,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-34411","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-mains-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34411","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34411"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34411\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34412"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34411"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34411"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34411"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}