{"id":36069,"date":"2023-06-26T03:46:03","date_gmt":"2023-06-25T22:16:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=36069"},"modified":"2025-04-21T14:52:59","modified_gmt":"2025-04-21T09:22:59","slug":"about-china-pak-nuclear-deal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/about-china-pak-nuclear-deal\/","title":{"rendered":"About China-Pak Nuclear Deal"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>What\u2019s in Today\u2019s Article?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Why in News?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>About China-Pak Nuclear Deal (Details, Existing Plants, Implications of Deal, etc.)<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>About NSG (Objectives, Members, Why India not a Member?)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Why in News?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Recently, China and Pakistan signed an agreement for a 1,200 MW nuclear power plant in Pakistan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u00a0<\/h2>\n<h2><strong>About the China-Pakistan Nuclear Deal:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>On June 20, China and Pakistan signed an agreement for a\u00a0<strong>1,200 MW nuclear power plant<\/strong>\u00a0in the Chashma nuclear complex in Pakistan.\n<ul>\n<li>This is the fifth reactor at the Chashma nuclear complex (C-5).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>C-5 will be the biggest reactor at Chashma, where China has already constructed four phases of the complex, with four reactors of around 325 MW each.<\/li>\n<li>It will use China\u2019s\u00a0<strong>Hualong One reactor<\/strong>, which has also been installed in two plants in Karachi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>How Many Nuclear Power Plants Has China Built for Pakistan?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Pakistan is currently operating six China-built nuclear plants<\/strong>, four smaller reactors at the Chashma complex and two at the Karachi Nuclear Power Plant (KANUPP).<\/li>\n<li>Pakistan\u2019s oldest reactor, the Canada-built KANUPP-1, is now decommissioned, while KANUPP-2 and KANUPP-3 both use 1,100 MW Chinese Hualong One reactors.\n<ul>\n<li>KANUPP-3, with a $2.7 billion investment, went fully online in the past year.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>According to Pakistan\u2019s Ministry of Energy, faced with a continuing energy deficit, financial crisis and rising import bills, the country needs to urgently increase the share of renewables and nuclear energy.<\/li>\n<li>Currently, thermal sources account for 61% of the energy mix, while hydropower accounts for 24%, nuclear 12%, and wind and solar only 3%.\n<ul>\n<li>The Alternative and Renewable Energy Policy rolled out in 2019 envisages increasing the share of renewables to 30% by 2030.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Implications of the Recent China-Pak Nuclear Deal:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>China\u2019s civilian nuclear projects with Pakistan have come under scrutiny because the\u00a0<strong><u>Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) explicitly prohibits the transfer of nuclear technology by its members to countries that have not signed the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)<\/u><\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>China has argued that the Chashma 3 and Chashma 4 reactors were conceived under its earlier Chashma deals with Pakistan that pre-dated its joining of the NSG.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>How this deal is different from India-U.S. nuclear deal?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>India and the U.S. had to seek a waiver from the NSG for their civilian nuclear deal, which was granted in 2008. However, neither Pakistan nor China has got waiver for the current deal.<\/li>\n<li>Also, India was granted the waiver after India undertook a number of commitments such as:\n<ul>\n<li>placing facilities under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards,<\/li>\n<li>separating civilian and military nuclear programmes\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>a continued moratorium on testing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Pakistan has not given such commitments for this deal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>About Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG):<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) is a multilateral export control regime and a group of nuclear supplier countries.<\/li>\n<li>The group seeks to prevent nuclear proliferation by controlling the export of materials, equipment and technology that can be used to manufacture nuclear weapons.<\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>NSG was founded in response to the Indian nuclear test<\/strong>\u00a0in May 1974 and first met in November 1975.<\/li>\n<li>It is an informal organization, and its guidelines are non-binding. Decisions, including on membership, are made by consensus.<\/li>\n<li>Currently, the NSG has\u00a0<strong>48 participating governments<\/strong>. The NSG chair for 2023 &#8211; 2024 is\u00a0<strong>Brazil<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Why is India Not a Member of the NSG?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>India is a non-signatory to NPT \u2013<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is an international treaty, which came into force in 1970.<\/li>\n<li>The main objective of NPT is to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and weapons technology.<\/li>\n<li>All the participants of NSG are the signatory of NPT.\u00a0<strong>India<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>Pakistan<\/strong>\u00a0and\u00a0<strong>Israel<\/strong>\u00a0have not signed NPT.<\/li>\n<li>India refused to sign NPT because the NPT defines nuclear weapons states as those that tested devices before 1967.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Opposition from China \u2013<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>While a majority of the 48-member group backed India&#8217;s membership, China along with few other countries have opposed India&#8217;s admission.\n<ul>\n<li>Other countries that are opposing India&#8217;s inclusion in the NSG are Turkey, South Africa, Ireland and New Zealand.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Experts believe that China&#8217;s resistance is to facilitate the entry of Pakistan, a close ally of China, in NSG.\n<ul>\n<li>China has even argued that if India can be let in without signing NPT, then Pakistan should be granted the membership as well.<\/li>\n<li>However, track record of Pakistan is not good. US, in 2018, sanctioned 7 Pakistani nuclear firms for nuclear proliferation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Since, NSG works on the basis of consensus,\u00a0<strong>China&#8217;s opposition is making it difficult for India to gain entry<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Q1) What is the purpose of Wassenaar agreement?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The Wassenaar Arrangement is an export control regime with 42 participating states that promotes transparency of national export control regimes on conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Q2) What is the purpose of Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The MTCR seeks to limit the risks of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) by controlling exports of goods and technologies that could make a contribution to delivery systems (other than manned aircraft) for such weapons.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/international\/explained-does-the-china-pakistan-nuclear-deal-flout-global-rules\/article67006232.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>Explained | Does the China-Pakistan nuclear deal flout global rules?<\/u><\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nuclearsuppliersgroup.org\/en\/16-frontpage-content\/242-the-nsg-explained-in-under-five-minutes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>NSG.ORG<\/u><\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>China and Pakistan has signed an agreement for a 1,200 MW nuclear power plant in the Chashma nuclear complex in Pakistan.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":36070,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-36069","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-mains-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36069","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=36069"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36069\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/36070"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36069"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=36069"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=36069"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}