{"id":37250,"date":"2023-08-29T06:59:37","date_gmt":"2023-08-29T01:29:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=37250"},"modified":"2025-04-22T12:25:27","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T06:55:27","slug":"article-35a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/article-35a\/","title":{"rendered":"Article 35A"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3>\u200b<strong>What\u2019s in Today\u2019s Article?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Why in News?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>What is Article 35A?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Controversies Around Article 35A<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Current Status of Articles 370 and 35A<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>CJI (D.Y. Chandrachud) on Article 35A<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>\u00a0<\/h2>\n<h2><strong>Why in News?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Article 35A, which empowered the J&amp;K Legislature to define permanent residents of the State and provide them special privileges, denied fundamental rights to others.<\/li>\n<li>This remark was made by the CJI while heading a Constitution Bench, which is currently hearing pleas against the Centre\u2019s move to abrogate Article 370.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>What is Article 35A?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Article 35A<\/strong>\u00a0gives the J&amp;K Legislature a carte blanche\/\u00a0<strong>complete freedom to decide who all are \u2018permanent residents\u2019<\/strong>\u00a0of the State.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u2018Permanent residents\u2019\u00a0<\/strong>included people who were hereditary State subjects as in 1927, when J&amp;K was a princely state prior to its accession to the Indian Dominion in 1947.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Article 35A confer on them special rights and privileges in<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Public sector jobs,<\/li>\n<li>Acquisition of property in the State,<\/li>\n<li>Scholarships and<\/li>\n<li>Other public aid and welfare.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>It was incorporated into the Constitution of India in 1954<\/strong>\u00a0by a Presidential Order, following the\u00a0<strong>1952 Delhi Agreement<\/strong>\u00a0[between the then central govt, and the then PM of J&amp;K Sheikh Abdullah].\n<ul>\n<li>The Delhi Agreement extended Indian citizenship to the \u2018State subjects\u2019 of J&amp;K.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>The Presidential Order<\/strong>\u00a0was issued under\u00a0<strong>Article 370 (1) (d)<\/strong>\u00a0of the Constitution, allowing the President to make certain \u201cexceptions and modifications\u201d to the Constitution for the benefit of \u2018State subjects\u2019 of J&amp;K.<\/li>\n<li>Article 35A was added to the Constitution as\u00a0<strong>a testimony of the special consideration<\/strong>\u00a0the Indian government accorded to the \u2018permanent residents\u2019 of J&amp;K.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Controversies Around Article 35A:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Article 35A is unique in the sense that &#8211;\n<ul>\n<li>It\u00a0<strong>does not appear in the main body\u00a0<\/strong>of the Constitution.<\/li>\n<li>It\u00a0<strong>by passed the parliamentary route\u00a0<\/strong>of lawmaking.\u00a0<strong>Article 368 of the Constitution<\/strong>\u00a0empowers only Parliament to amend the Constitution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Article 370 was only a \u2018temporary provision\u2019<\/strong>\u00a0to help bring normality in J&amp;K and strengthen democracy in that State.\n<ul>\n<li>The Constitution-makers did not intend Article 370 to be a tool to bring permanent amendments, like Article 35A, in the Constitution.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Article 35A was against the \u201cvery spirit of oneness of India\u201d<\/strong>\u00a0as it creates a \u201cclass within a class of Indian citizens\u201d.\n<ul>\n<li>Restricting citizens from other States from getting employment or buying property within J&amp;K is\u00a0<strong>a violation of fundamental rights under Articles 14, 19 and 21 of the Constitution.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>It was against gender equality.\u00a0<\/strong>For example, Article 35A restricts the basic right to property if a native woman marries a man not holding a permanent resident certificate.\n<ul>\n<li>Her children are denied a permanent resident certificate, thereby considering them illegitimate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Violates judicial review principle.<\/strong>\u00a0For example, Article 35A mandates that\u00a0<strong>no act of the legislature coming under it can be challenged\u00a0<\/strong>for violating the Constitution or any other law of the land.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Current Status of Articles 370 and 35A:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order 2019<strong>\u00a0withdrew the special status of J&amp;K and extended all provisions\u00a0<\/strong>of the Indian Constitution (including Part III &#8211; Fundamental Rights) to J&amp;K.<\/li>\n<li>As Article 35A stems from Article 370, the\u00a0<strong>discriminatory provisions<\/strong>\u00a0under Article 35A are now unconstitutional.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure class=\"media\">\n<div data-oembed-url=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=7DdJaj-csTE\">\n<div><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7DdJaj-csTE\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>CJI (D.Y. Chandrachud) on Article 35A:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Article 35A gave special rights and privileges to permanent residents and\u00a0<strong>virtually took away the rights for non-residents.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>This artificially created class of \u2018permanent residents\u2019\u00a0<strong>alienated people<\/strong>\u00a0who did not fall within the category.<\/li>\n<li>Article 35A had even granted\u00a0<strong>immunity from judicial review<\/strong>\u00a0to these special privileges, as any law which provides for these special privileges would not violate fundamental rights like\n<ul>\n<li>Articles 14 (right to equality),<\/li>\n<li>Article 19(1)(e) (right to settle anywhere in the country)<\/li>\n<li>Article 21 (right to life and personal liberty) and<\/li>\n<li>Article 22 (protection against preventive detention).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>However, the CJI asked the government\u00a0<strong>whether the Centre had adhered to the principle of federalism<\/strong>\u00a0while abrogating Article 370 and abolishing J&amp;K as a full-fledged State.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Article 3 made it mandatory for the President to consult<\/strong>\u00a0the State Legislature before altering the status of a State.<\/li>\n<li>The abrogation was facilitated by first dissolving the J&amp;K State Legislature and then proclaiming President\u2019s Rule under Article 356.<\/li>\n<li>The Parliament assumed the role of the J&amp;K State Legislature and\u00a0<strong>gave its views to itself<\/strong>\u00a0about the alteration of J&amp;K from a State to 2 UTs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Q1)\u00a0What do you mean by President Rule in India?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>In India, President&#8217;s rule is the suspension of state government and imposition of direct Union government rule in a state. A state is brought under direct rule of the Centre with the invocation of Article 356, usually after a report is sent by the Governor.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3><strong>Q2)\u00a0What is Article 3 of the Indian Constitution?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Article 3 empowers Parliament to form a new State, increase the area of any State, diminish the area of any State, alter the boundaries\/ name of any State. Provided that no Bill for the purpose shall be introduced in either House of Parliament except on the recommendation of the President.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Source:\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/article-35a-took-away-fundamental-rights-while-giving-special-rights-to-permanent-residents-of-jk-says-cji\/article67244792.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>Article 35A took away fundamental rights while giving special rights to permanent residents of J&amp;K, says CJI<\/u><\/a>\u00a0|\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/what-is-article-35a\/article19567213.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>TH<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Article 35A gives the J&#038;K Legislature a carte blanche\/ complete freedom to decide who all are \u2018permanent residents\u2019 of the State.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":37251,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-37250","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-mains-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37250","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37250"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37250\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37251"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37250"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37250"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37250"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}