{"id":37262,"date":"2023-09-10T09:49:05","date_gmt":"2023-09-10T04:19:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=37262"},"modified":"2025-04-22T12:32:57","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T07:02:57","slug":"g20-new-delhi-leaders-declaration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/g20-new-delhi-leaders-declaration\/","title":{"rendered":"G20 New Delhi Leaders\u2019 Declaration &#8211; Sense of the consensus"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>What\u2019s in today\u2019s article?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Why in news?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>G20 New Delhi Declaration: Key highlights<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Why in news?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The leaders at India\u2019s G20 Summit 2023 arrived at a joint communique \u2014 called the G20 New Delhi Leaders\u2019 Declaration.<\/li>\n<li>This is a significant victory for India\u2019s G20 presidency that came amid increasing tensions and divergent views over the Ukraine conflict.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>G20 New Delhi Declaration: Key highlights<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com\/media\/editor_images\/2023\/9\/10\/11\/42\/13\/64fd5e3d6ea810642b927c95_OI.PNG\" \/><\/li>\n<li><strong>Uniqueness of the Declaration<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>The communique is filled with deliverables on a range of issues. It is also crafted in a different way \u2014 not the usual paragraphs that are structured in a joint declaration.<\/li>\n<li>Instead, it <u>starts with a preamble<\/u>, and then has 10 chapters, and ends with a conclusion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>On Ukraine<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>The big sticking point was the Ukraine-Russia conflict, which was addressed in detail in seven paragraphs.\n<ul>\n<li>This is much more elaborate than the Bali Declaration, which had just two paragraphs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The Russia-Ukraine paragraphs did not condemn Russia for its actions, nor did it call it an aggression. But the West also got what it wanted.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Strong, Sustainable, Balanced, and Inclusive Growth<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>It talks about the global economic situation, advancing financial inclusion, and fighting corruption.<\/li>\n<li>It vows to implement the <strong>Action Plan against Fugitive Economic Offenders<\/strong> that will help strengthen international cooperation and information sharing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Accelerating Progress on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>This is about <u>eliminating hunger and malnutrition, health collaboration and delivering quality education<\/u> among others.<\/li>\n<li>One of the important elements is on how <strong>future pandemics can impact<\/strong> the economy, which also brings out the gaps in the existing pandemic response mechanism, including institutional and funding arrangements.<\/li>\n<li><strong>On education<\/strong>, it talks about <u>enhancing teachers\u2019 capacity, improved curricula, content in local language, and access to digital resources<\/u>.\n<ul>\n<li>This will ensure that all children, including the most marginalised, are provided with the essential building blocks for all future learning.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Green Development Pact for a Sustainable Future<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>It stresses the need to implement clean, sustainable, just, affordable, and inclusive energy transitions.<\/li>\n<li>One important element is the mention of the need to build reliable, diverse, responsible, and sustainable value chains of critical minerals, semiconductors, and related technologies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Multilateral Institutions for the 21st Century<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>It speaks of reforming international financial institutions.<\/li>\n<li>One of the most important elements is that:\n<ul>\n<li>reform of the UN Security Council was agreed to for the first time in the G20; and<\/li>\n<li>there was a strong push towards reforms for better, bigger, and more effective Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>They also called for <strong>managing debt vulnerabilities<\/strong> of low and middle-income countries and the start of exchange of tax-relevant information on crypto assets by 2027.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Technological Transformation &amp; Digital Public Infrastructure<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>This chapter contains elements of building digital public infrastructure, crypto-assets, and harnessing Artificial Intelligence (AI) responsibly.<\/li>\n<li>On AI, they agreed to pursue a pro-innovation regulatory\/governance approach that maximises the benefits and takes into account the risks associated with the use of AI.<\/li>\n<li>The G20 leaders agreed on a <strong><u>G20 framework for digital public infrastructure<\/u><\/strong> and <strong><u>Global Digital Public Infrastructure Repository (GDPIR)<\/u><\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>The framework calls for building interoperable solutions and formulating laws that can ensure that DPIs are safe, secure, trusted, and governed transparently.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>It also talks about a <u>comprehensive toolkit which is aimed at improving cyber education and cyber awareness<\/u> for the protection and empowerment of children and youth.<\/li>\n<li>Another key win for the India\u2019s G20 presidency was to <u>gather consensus around creating a global regulatory framework for crypto-assets<\/u>.\n<ul>\n<li>They endorsed the Financial Stability Board\u2019s (FSB\u2019s) high-level recommendations for the regulation, supervision and oversight of crypto-assets activities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Gender Equality and Empowering all Women and Girls<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>It promotes equal rights to economic resources, property ownership, financial services, and inheritance for women.<\/li>\n<li>It also supports women\u2019s organisations and networks, and closing gender gaps in agricultural access.<\/li>\n<li>Under India\u2019s G20 Presidency, a decision to create a <strong>full-fledged working group on women\u2019s empowerment<\/strong> has been made.<\/li>\n<li>The group will prioritise gender equality, women\u2019s empowerment, and leadership, and bring convergence across sectors at all levels.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>On Countering Terrorism and Money Laundering<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>It contains a strong condemnation of terrorism in all its forms and manifestations, and a positive message towards international peace and security.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Creating a More Inclusive World<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>India\u2019s G20 Presidency has paved the way for the <strong>African Union\u2019s permanent membership in the G20<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>This will make G20 more inclusive, deepen cooperation with Africa, and help realise its developmental aspirations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Also, there is a <u>commitment to promote respect for religious and cultural diversity<\/u>,<\/li>\n<li>It deplores all acts of religious hatred, including against religious symbols and holy books.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>From Delhi, a vision for Brazil, South Africa, US<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>In conclusion, there were a few broader takeaways that this Summit projected:\n<ul>\n<li>a strong commitment for future Presidencies including for the new cycle beginning in 2026 \u2014 Brazil in 2024, South Africa in 2025, and the US in 2026.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>There was recognition of all Engagement Groups and Initiatives of India\u2019s G20 Presidency.<\/li>\n<li>By conducting over 200 meetings in 60 cities across India, New Delhi has set a new template \u2014 and a high bar \u2014 of taking G20 to the people.<\/li>\n<li>The democratisation of diplomacy is a key takeaway from this successful exercise.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Q1) What is African Union?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The African Union (AU) is a continental union of 55 African states. It was established in 2002 to replace the Organization of African Unity (OAU). The AU&#8217;s goals are to promote unity and solidarity among African states, encourage economic development, and foster international cooperation.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Q2) What is Digital Public Infrastructure?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Digital public infrastructure (DPI) is a digital network that allows countries to provide essential services to their citizens. DPI includes platforms such as digital identification, payment infrastructure, and data exchange solutions. These platforms help countries deliver services, such as economic opportunities and social services, safely and efficiently.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/g20-new-delhi-declaration-adopted-sense-of-the-consensus-8932656\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>G20 New Delhi Leaders\u2019 Declaration: Sense of the consensus<\/u><\/a><u> | <\/u><a href=\"https:\/\/mea.gov.in\/Images\/CPV\/G20-New-Delhi-Leaders-Declaration.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>MEA<\/u><\/a><u> | <\/u><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-global\/highlights-g20-new-delhi-leaders-declaration-8932263\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>Indian Express<\/u><\/a><u> | <\/u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/g-20-new-delhi-leaders-declaration-highlights\/article67288806.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>The Hindu<\/u><\/a><u> | <\/u><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/business\/delhi-declaration-g20-safe-deployment-digital-public-infrastructure-ai-8932374\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>Indian Express<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The G20 is an international forum of major economies to discuss global economic issues and cooperation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":37263,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-37262","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-mains-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37262","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37262"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37262\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37263"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37262"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37262"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37262"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}