{"id":37534,"date":"2023-10-03T07:49:06","date_gmt":"2023-10-03T02:19:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=37534"},"modified":"2025-04-22T23:14:55","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T17:44:55","slug":"malaria-vaccine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/malaria-vaccine\/","title":{"rendered":"Malaria Vaccine"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3><strong>What\u2019s in today\u2019s article?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Why in news?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>What is Malaria?<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Malaria in India<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>News Summary: WHO recommends Oxford-Serum Institute malaria vaccine for global rollout<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Why in news?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>R21\/Matrix-M malaria vaccine<\/strong> developed by the University of Oxford and the Serum Institute of India has been recommended for use by the WHO.<\/li>\n<li>The vaccine leverages Novavax\u2019s adjuvant technology and has met the required safety, quality and effectiveness standards.\n<ul>\n<li>Adjuvants are substances that enhance the immune system&#8217;s response to a vaccine. They are commonly used to improve the effectiveness of a vaccine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Malaria<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>About<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Malaria is an acute febrile illness caused by Plasmodium parasites, which are spread to people through the bites of infected <u>female Anopheles mosquitoes<\/u>.<\/li>\n<li>It is a life-threatening disease primarily found in tropical countries.<\/li>\n<li>It is preventable and curable.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Transmission of Malaria<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Malaria is not contagious and cannot spread from one person to another; the <u>disease is transmitted through the bites of female Anopheles mosquitoes<\/u>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Five species of parasites<\/strong> can cause malaria in humans and 2 of these species \u2013 <u>Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax<\/u> \u2013 pose the greatest threat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Symptoms<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>The first symptoms of malaria usually begin within 10\u201315 days after the bite from an infected mosquito.<\/li>\n<li>Fever, headache and chills are typically experienced, though these symptoms may be mild and difficult to recognize as malaria.<\/li>\n<li>In malaria endemic areas, people who have developed partial immunity may become infected but experience no symptoms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Prevention<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Vector control interventions<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Vector control is the main approach to prevent malaria and reduce transmission.<\/li>\n<li>Two forms of vector control are effective for people living in malaria-endemic countries:\n<ul>\n<li>insecticide-treated nets, and<\/li>\n<li>indoor residual spraying, which is the application of an insecticide to surfaces where mosquitoes tend to rest.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Chemopreventive therapies and chemoprophylaxis<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Although designed to treat patients already infected with malaria, some antimalarial medicines can also be used to prevent the disease.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Malaria in India<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Prevalence<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Malaria remains one of the major public health problems in India.<\/li>\n<li>The country carries 1.7% of the global malaria case burden, 1.2% of global malaria deaths.<\/li>\n<li>Of importance is that India carries 47% of the global Plasmodium vivax malaria burden, making the country strategically important for global malaria elimination, particularly in the South-East Asian region.<\/li>\n<li>Malaria has been made notifiable in 31 states\/UTs.\n<ul>\n<li>States of <u>Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Meghalaya and Madhya Pradesh<\/u> disproportionately accounted for nearly 45.47 percent of malaria cases.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Steps taken<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Ministry of Health and Family Welfare launched National Framework for Malaria Elimination (NFME) in 2016;<\/li>\n<li><strong>National Strategic Plan (NSP) for Malaria Elimination<\/strong> (2016-2030) was launched by the Health Ministry.\n<ul>\n<li>It has a vision of a malaria-free country by 2027 and elimination by 2030.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2><strong>News Summary: WHO recommends Oxford-Serum Institute malaria vaccine for global rollout<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The malaria vaccine developed by the University of Oxford and the Serum Institute of India has now been recommended for use by the WHO.<\/li>\n<li>Hundreds of millions of doses of this vaccine, R21\/Matrix-M, are to be supplied to countries that are suffering a significant malaria burden.\n<ul>\n<li>The Serum Institute of India has already established a production capacity for 100 million doses per annum, which will be doubled over the next two years.<\/li>\n<li>This scale of production is critical because vaccinating those at high risk of malaria will be important in stemming the spread of disease, as well as protecting the vaccinated.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Q1)<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>What is chemoprophylaxis?\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Chemoprevention or chemoprophylaxis refers to the administration of a medication for the purpose of preventing disease or infection.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Q2) What is Serum Institute of India?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd. is now the world&#8217;s largest vaccine manufacturer by number of doses produced and sold globally (more than 1.5 billion doses) which includes Polio vaccine, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis, Hib, BCG, r-Hepatitis B, Measles, Mumps, Rubella as well as Pneumococcal and Covid-19 vaccines.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/health\/oxford-serum-institute-malaria-vaccine-recommended-for-use-by-who\/article67373489.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>Oxford-Serum institute malaria vaccine recommended for use by WHO<\/u><\/a><u> | <\/u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1677601\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>PIB<\/u><\/a><u> | <\/u><a href=\"https:\/\/vikaspedia.in\/health\/health-campaigns\/national-framework-for-malaria-elimination#:~:text=to%20three%20years.-,National%20Strategic%20Plan%20(NSP)%20for%20Malaria%20Elimination%20(2016%2D,2027%20and%20elimination%20by%202030.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>Vikaspedia<\/u><\/a><u> | <\/u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/companies\/news\/oxford-serum-institute-of-india-malaria-vaccine-gets-who-approval-123100201024_1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>Business Standard<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Malaria is an acute febrile illness caused by Plasmodium parasites.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":37535,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-37534","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-mains-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37534","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=37534"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/37534\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/37535"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=37534"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=37534"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=37534"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}