{"id":38086,"date":"2023-11-08T09:02:19","date_gmt":"2023-11-08T03:32:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=38086"},"modified":"2025-04-23T04:28:08","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T22:58:08","slug":"cold-war-era","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/cold-war-era\/","title":{"rendered":"NATO announces formal suspension of Cold War-era security treaty"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>What\u2019s in today\u2019s article?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Why in news?<\/li>\n<li>What is Treaty of Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE)?<\/li>\n<li>What is NATO?<\/li>\n<li>India \u2013 NATO engagement<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Why in news?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>NATO announced the formal suspension of a Cold War-era security treaty in response to Russia&#8217;s withdrawal from the deal.<\/li>\n<li>Most of NATO\u2019s 31 allies have signed the Treaty of Conventional Armed Forces in Europe in 1990.<\/li>\n<li>The alliance said its members who signed the treaty are now freezing their participation in the pact.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Treaty of Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE)<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) was signed in Paris in November 1990.<\/li>\n<li>Signed after the fall of the Berlin Wall, the CFE set constraints on conventional arms and equipment.<\/li>\n<li>Its purpose was to stop Cold War rivals from building up forces that could be used in a swift assault.\n<ul>\n<li>Its main objective was to reduce the possibility of a surprise armed attack and the triggering of major offensive operations in Europe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The treaty:\n<ul>\n<li>Established comprehensive limits on key categories of conventional military equipment in Europe (from the Atlantic to the Urals)<\/li>\n<li>Mandated the destruction of excess weaponry<\/li>\n<li>Eliminated the Soviet Union&#8217;s overwhelming quantitative advantage in conventional weapons in Europe<\/li>\n<li>Placed verifiable limits on categories of conventional military equipment that NATO and the then-Warsaw Pact could deploy<\/li>\n<li>Set constraints on conventional arms and equipment<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The CFE treaty is often referred to as the &#8220;cornerstone of European security\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>NATO<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>About\n<ul>\n<li>Formed in 1949 with the signing of the Washington Treaty, NATO is a security alliance of 31 countries from North America and Europe.\n<ul>\n<li>In April 2023, <u>Finland joined the alliance as its 31<\/u><sup><u>st<\/u><\/sup><u> member<\/u>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>NATO\u2019s fundamental goal is to safeguard the Allies\u2019 freedom and security by political and military means.<\/li>\n<li>It is a <u>system of collective defence<\/u> where independent member states agree for mutual defence in case of any attack by external party.\n<ul>\n<li>Article 5 of the Washington Treaty states that an attack against one Ally is an attack against all.<\/li>\n<li>This article forms the core of the Alliance, a promise of collective defense.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Headquarter &#8211; Brussels, Belgium.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Functions\n<ul>\n<li>Political\n<ul>\n<li>NATO promotes democratic values and enables members to consult and cooperate on defence and security-related issues to solve problems, build trust and, in the long run, prevent conflict.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Military\n<ul>\n<li>NATO is committed to the peaceful resolution of disputes.<\/li>\n<li>If diplomatic efforts fail, it has the military power to undertake crisis-management operations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>India \u2013 NATO engagement<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>In August 2022, the external affairs ministry acknowledged that India and NATO are in touch at different levels for quite some time now.\n<ul>\n<li>India held its first political dialogue with the organisation in Brussels on December 12, 2019.<\/li>\n<li>The second round was to be held in New Delhi in 2020, which was delayed due to the Covid-19 pandemic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>This is part of India\u2019s contacts with various stakeholders on various issues of mutual interests.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Q1)\u00a0What are Urals?<\/h3>\n<p>The Ural Mountains or simply the Urals, is a mountain range in Eurasia that runs north-south mostly through Russia, from the coast of the Arctic Ocean to the river Ural and northwestern Kazakhstan.<\/p>\n<h3>Q2) What is article 5 of Washington Treaty?<\/h3>\n<p>Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty, also known as the Washington Treaty, states that if a NATO member is attacked, all other members will consider it an attack against all of them. Article 5 also states that other members will assist the attacked member, including with armed forces if necessary.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/world\/nato-cold-war-era-security-deal-suspension-russia-pullout-9017431\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>NATO announces formal suspension of Cold War-era security treaty after Russia\u2019s pullout<\/u><\/a><u> | <\/u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2023\/11\/7\/russia-pulls-out-of-treaty-on-conventional-armed-forces-in-europe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>Aljazeera<\/u><\/a><u> | <\/u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/international\/nato-announces-formal-suspension-of-cold-war-era-security-treaty-after-russias-pullout\/article67508322.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>The Hindu<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>CFE aimed to stop Cold War rivals from building up forces that could be used in a swift assault.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":38087,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-38086","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-mains-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38086","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38086"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38086\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38087"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38086"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38086"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38086"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}