{"id":38154,"date":"2023-11-15T10:23:18","date_gmt":"2023-11-15T04:53:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=38154"},"modified":"2025-04-23T08:21:07","modified_gmt":"2025-04-23T02:51:07","slug":"mount-etna-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/mount-etna-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Mount Etna erupts"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>What\u2019s in today\u2019s article?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Why in news?<\/li>\n<li>Volcano<\/li>\n<li>What is a volcano?<\/li>\n<li>Volcanoes particularly active in Pacific Ring of Fire<\/li>\n<li>Can scientists predict volcanic eruptions?<\/li>\n<li>What is Mount Etna?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Why in news?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The Mount Etna volcano began erupting again on the island of Sicily, sending ash miles into the sky.<\/li>\n<li>The eruptive column is estimated to be more than 14,700 feet above sea level.<\/li>\n<li>It should be noted that of volcanic eruptions only reaches the headlines when the big ones erupt \u2014 Etna, Kilauea, Mauna Loa, Merapi, Eyjafjallaj\u00f6kull or Fagradalsfjall.<\/li>\n<li>However, at any time during a given year, there may be as many as 50 to 80 fresh eruptions around the world.\n<ul>\n<li>E.g., Data from the Smithsonian Institution\u2019s Global Volcanism Program suggests that 56 volcanoes erupted in the first six months of 2023.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>What is a volcano?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>About\n<ul>\n<li>Volcanoes are openings, or vents where lava, tephra (small rocks), and steam erupt onto the Earth\u2019s surface.<\/li>\n<li>Volcanoes can be on land and in the ocean.<\/li>\n<li>They are, in part, a result of their own eruptions but also the general formation of our planet, as tectonic plates move.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Types\n<ul>\n<li>There are four main types of volcanoes: <u>cinder cones, composite or strato volcanoes, shield volcanoes and lava domes<\/u>.<\/li>\n<li>Their type is determined by how the lava from an eruption flows and how that flow affects the volcano, and, as a result, how it affects its surrounding environment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Eruption\n<ul>\n<li>Essentially, it is a case of magma, or molten rock, below the surface of the Earth, bubbling up, rising and overflowing,.<\/li>\n<li>The magma finds its way to vents in the volcano and gets spewed across the land and into the atmosphere.<\/li>\n<li>When magma erupts from a volcano, it is called lava.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Volcanoes particularly active in Pacific Ring of Fire<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Pacific Ring of Fire includes New Zealand, Southeast Asia, Japan and the western coast of the Americas.<\/li>\n<li>About 90% of all earthquakes worldwide strike within this region.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Can scientists predict volcanic eruptions?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Scientists are capable of predicting volcanic eruptions hours, or sometimes several days, in advance.\n<ul>\n<li>This is not the case with earthquakes, which are much harder to predict.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Scientists use seismographic data from earthquakes and other tremors, because those can be a precursor to volcanic eruptions.<\/li>\n<li>They monitor the ground for signs of deformation, which may be caused by the movement of magma.<\/li>\n<li>They also take readings of volcanic gas emissions, and changes in gravity and magnetic fields.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Mount Etna<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>About\n<ul>\n<li>Mount Etna is an active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily, Italy.<\/li>\n<li>It is Europe\u2019s most active volcano and one of the largest in the world. Its recorded volcanic activity dates back to 1500 B.C.<\/li>\n<li>Since then, it has erupted more than 200 times.<\/li>\n<li>Etna has displayed a variety of eruption styles, including violent explosions and voluminous lava flows.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Other volcanoes erupt for much longer than Etna\n<ul>\n<li>One of the most famous long-term eruptions was Kilauea volcano on Hawaii.\n<ul>\n<li>Its spewing spree in 1983 continued \u2014 almost nonstop \u2014 for 35 years until 2018, only to start again in 2021. The eruption is still ongoing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Dukono in Indonesia started erupting in August 1933 and is still continuing.<\/li>\n<li>Santa Maria in Guatemala began erupting in June 1922 and continues to this day.<\/li>\n<li>Yasur in Vanuatu first rumbled to life in about 1270 (\u00b1 110 years) and as of June 2023, was still erupting.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Q1)\u00a0What is stratovolcano?<\/h3>\n<p>Stratovolcanoes have relatively steep sides and are more cone-shaped than shield volcanoes. They are formed from viscous, sticky lava that does not flow easily. The lava therefore builds up around the vent forming a volcano with steep sides.<\/p>\n<h3>Q2) What is Pacific Ring of Fire?<\/h3>\n<p>The Pacific Ring of Fire is a tectonic belt that encircles the Pacific Ocean. It is also known as the Circum-Pacific Belt or the Pacific Rim.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-sci-tech\/mount-etna-lava-eruption-volcanoes-explained-9026467\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>Mount Etna erupts: Why some volcanoes just keep spewing lava<\/u><\/a><u> | <\/u><a href=\"https:\/\/www.foxweather.com\/extreme-weather\/italys-mount-etna-volcano-erupts-sicily\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>Foxweather<\/u><\/a><u> | <\/u><a href=\"https:\/\/geology.com\/volcanoes\/etna\/#google_vignette\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>Geology.com<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mount Etna is an active stratovolcano on the east coast of Sicily, Italy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":38155,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-38154","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-mains-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38154","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38154"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38154\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38155"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38154"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38154"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38154"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}