{"id":38244,"date":"2023-11-21T02:29:45","date_gmt":"2023-11-20T20:59:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=38244"},"modified":"2025-04-23T09:12:31","modified_gmt":"2025-04-23T03:42:31","slug":"open-ai","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/open-ai\/","title":{"rendered":"A brief history of OpenAI"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>What\u2019s in today\u2019s article?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Why in news?<\/li>\n<li>What is OpenAI?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Why in news?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Microsoft\u2019s CEO Satya Nadella, in a post on X, said the company has hired OpenAI co-founders Sam Altman and Greg Brockman to lead a new advanced AI research team.<\/li>\n<li>The announcement came just hours after OpenAI\u2019s board of directors said Altman would not be returning to his job.<\/li>\n<li>The sudden ouster of Altman blindsided not only OpenAI\u2019s employees but also its biggest investors like Microsoft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>OpenAI<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The Start\n<ul>\n<li>OpenAI was set up in December 2015 as a non-profit AI research organisation whose goal was to develop \u201cartificial general intelligence,\u201d or AGI.\n<ul>\n<li>AGI is essentially software that\u2019s as smart as humans.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The organisation said it wanted to <u>ensure that AGI benefits all of humanity<\/u> and no big tech company, like Google, would master the technology and monopolise its benefits.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Founding members\n<ul>\n<li>Among its founding members were Altman, Brockman, Reid Hoffman, the co-founder of LinkedIn, Amazon Web Services, Infosys, rightwing tech billionaire Peter Thiel and Elon Musk.<\/li>\n<li>They collectively pledged a whopping $ 1 billion to the venture.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The evolution\n<ul>\n<li>Around two years after its inception, OpenAI released a report titled \u2018Improving Language Understanding by Generative Pre-Training.\u2019<\/li>\n<li>This introduced the idea of Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPTs).<\/li>\n<li>A GPT is a neural network, or a <u>machine learning model, which functions like a human brain and is trained on input<\/u>, such as large data sets, to produce outputs, meaning answers to users\u2019 questions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Challenges\n<ul>\n<li>In order to build on its idea, the organisation had to incur infrastructure and compensation costs, making it a difficult task to run OpenAI as a non-profit.<\/li>\n<li>Therefore, in 2019, \u201cOpenAI \u2018transitioned\u2019 into two organisations:\n<ul>\n<li>a \u2018capped-profit\u2019 organisation called OpenAI Global LLC (in which the return on any investment was capped at 100 times the original amount); and<\/li>\n<li>OpenAI Inc, the non-profit sole controlling shareholder in OpenAI Global LLC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Notably, even after establishing a for-profit subsidiary, OpenAI continued to work towards its core mission: to control the development of AGI to \u201cbenefit all humanity\u201d.\n<ul>\n<li>This meant that all the investors and employees were subject to that mission above anything else, including the for-profit company.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The breakout\n<ul>\n<li>OpenAI made headlines in November last year after it released a free preview of ChatGPT, which was based on the GPT-3.5 architecture.<\/li>\n<li>More than a million people signed up for the preview in the first five days, making it a huge success.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The crisis\n<ul>\n<li>The success, however, sparked tensions among OpenAI\u2019s top leadership, i.e., board members.<\/li>\n<li>According to a media report, board members were increasingly worried about the potential dangers that the company\u2019s technology posed to society.<\/li>\n<li>They also felt that Altman wasn\u2019t focusing enough on these risks and was more concerned about building OpenAI\u2019s business.<\/li>\n<li>On November 18, the rift culminated with the ouster of Altman.\n<ul>\n<li>Unlike other private companies, <u>OpenAI\u2019s board of directors have the power to decide the company\u2019s leadership without the influence of its investors<\/u>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Recently, more than 500 of OpenAI\u2019s 770 employees signed an open letter calling on the board to resign.\n<ul>\n<li>The letter accused the board of being incapable of overseeing OpenAI.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Q1)\u00a0What is Artificial General Intelligence (AGI)?<\/h3>\n<p>Artificial general intelligence (AGI) is a hypothetical form of artificial intelligence (AI) that can learn and think like a human. AGI can mimic human sensory and motor skills, performance, learning, and intelligence.<\/p>\n<h3>Q2) What is GPT-3.5 architecture?<\/h3>\n<p>GPT-3.5 is a language model that uses a neural network and deep learning to produce human-like text. It&#8217;s an advanced version of the GPT-3 model and can perform a variety of language tasks, including: Text completion, Question answering, Language translation, Code generation, Natural language understanding.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-global\/why-houthis-seized-india-bound-ship-gaza-war-9035068\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>A brief history of OpenAI \u2014 and what led to Sam Altman\u2019s ouster<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>OpenAI is a private research company that develops artificial intelligence (AI).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":38245,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-38244","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-mains-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38244","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38244"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38244\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38245"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38244"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38244"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38244"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}