{"id":4066,"date":"2023-03-10T01:24:45","date_gmt":"2023-03-09T19:54:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=4066"},"modified":"2025-03-26T21:24:55","modified_gmt":"2025-03-26T15:54:55","slug":"fumarate-hydratase","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/fumarate-hydratase\/","title":{"rendered":"Fumarate Hydratase"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>Why in news?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Scientists have found that an enzyme called <strong>Fumarate Hydratase<\/strong> is repressed in macrophages, a frontline inflammatory cell type implicated in a range of diseases <strong>including Lupus, Arthritis, Sepsis and Covid-19.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>They have made an important link between <strong>Fumarate Hydratase and immune proteins called cytokines<\/strong> that mediate inflammatory diseases.<\/li>\n<li>The research revealed that when Fumarate Hydratase is repressed, RNA is released from mitochondria which can bind to key proteins <strong>\u2018MDA5\u2019 and \u2018TLR7\u2019<\/strong> and trigger the release of <strong>cytokines<\/strong>, thereby worsening inflammation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>What are cytokines?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Cytokines are <strong>signalling proteins<\/strong> that are released by cells at local high concentrations.<\/li>\n<li>The role of cytokines is to facilitate the regulation of <strong>the immune response<\/strong> in the body.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><strong>What is Lupus?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Lupus is an <strong>autoimmune disease<\/strong> in which the body\u2019s immune system starts attacking your own tissues and organs.<\/li>\n<li>The condition primarily affects the kidney, but it also has an impact on the skin, blood vessels, connective tissue, heart, brain, and nearly every other organ.<\/li>\n<li>It is treated by immunosuppression via drugs such as mycophenolate, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, rituximab<\/li>\n<li>The <strong>SLEDAI disease activity index<\/strong> is used for the prognosis of this disease.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Q1) What is immunity and its types?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Immunity is your body&#8217;s ability to recognize germs to prevent them from causing illness. The immune system&#8217;s job is to help identify and eliminate dangerous germs that enter the body before they can cause disease or damage. There are two types of immunity: innate and adaptive.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source:\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/theprint.in\/health\/potential-new-therapeutic-target-for-inflammatory-diseases-such-as-lupus-sepsis\/1430666\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>Potential new therapeutic target for inflammatory diseases such as lupus, sepsis<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fumarate Hydratase is repressed in macrophages, a frontline inflammatory cell type.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":4067,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-4066","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4066","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4066"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4066\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4067"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4066"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4066"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4066"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}