{"id":42236,"date":"2024-09-02T01:47:39","date_gmt":"2024-09-01T20:17:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=42236"},"modified":"2025-05-05T00:31:30","modified_gmt":"2025-05-04T19:01:30","slug":"is-the-administration-of-lie-detector-tests-legally-valid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/is-the-administration-of-lie-detector-tests-legally-valid\/","title":{"rendered":"Is the Administration of Lie-Detector Tests Legally Valid?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>What\u2019s in today\u2019s article?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Background<\/li>\n<li>What are Deception Detection Tests (DDTs)?<\/li>\n<li>Effectiveness of DDTs<\/li>\n<li>Judicial Precedents on Lie-Detector Tests<\/li>\n<li>Existing Concerns<\/li>\n<li>Conclusion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Background<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) recently conducted a second round of polygraph tests on several individuals linked to the rape and murder of a doctor at R.G. Kar Medical College and Hospital in Kolkata.<\/li>\n<li>These tests were administered after one of the suspects provided inconsistent answers during questioning.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>What are Deception Detection Tests (DDTs)?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Deception Detection Tests are scientific methods used during interrogations to detect lies. These include:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Polygraph Tests:<\/strong> These measure physiological responses like blood pressure, pulse rate, and skin conductivity to determine if a person is lying.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Narco-Analysis:<\/strong> A drug-induced state where the subject is believed to be less capable of lying.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Brain Mapping:<\/strong> This method measures brain activity to detect recognition of familiar stimuli, which can indicate deception.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Effectiveness of DDTs<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The effectiveness of these tests is widely debated in the medical community.<\/li>\n<li>In a 2010 paper published in the Indian Journal of Medical Research, it was highlighted that lie-detection techniques have been heavily criticized and their <strong>ability to uncover &#8220;concealed knowledge in real-world settings&#8221; remains uncertain<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Similarly, a 2019 study in the United States pointed out high false positive rates and noted that <strong>people can be trained to manipulate the results of a polygraph<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Judicial Precedents on Lie-Detector Tests<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Before 2010, Indian courts were supportive of using DDTs in investigations, often not requiring the consent of the accused.<\/li>\n<li>However, in a landmark ruling in <strong>Selvi v. State of Karnataka<\/strong> (2010), the Supreme Court held that these tests could only be conducted with the consent of the accused, citing the right against self-incrimination under <strong>Article 20(3) of the Constitution<\/strong>.\n<ul>\n<li>Article 20(3) of the Constitution of India states that <strong>no person accused of an offense can be forced to give evidence or testimony that could incriminate themselves<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>This is a fundamental right that protects people from being compelled to testify against themselves.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The Court further mandated that <strong>individuals volunteering for such tests must have access to a lawyer<\/strong> and be apprised of the physical, emotional, and legal implications of undergoing the test.<\/li>\n<li>Additionally, it required that the <strong>subject\u2019s consent be formally recorded before a judicial magistrate<\/strong> and that the guidelines set out by the National Human Rights Commission in 2000 for administering these tests be strictly adhered to.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Existing Concerns<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Despite the Supreme Court&#8217;s guidelines, the use of DDTs continues in India, especially in high-profile cases.<\/li>\n<li>There are significant concerns about the coercive nature of these tests and the potential for their misuse, such as extracting false confessions under duress.<\/li>\n<li>Additionally, there is criticism that these tests are not scientifically reliable and that the refusal to undergo such tests is often used unfairly to imply guilt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The administration of lie-detector tests in India remains a contentious issue, balancing between the need for effective investigations and the protection of individual rights.<\/li>\n<li>While the Supreme Court has set strict guidelines for their use, the ethical and scientific validity of these tests continues to be debated.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Q1. What is the basic difference between Narco Test and Polygraphic Test?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>While the narco test uses the method of narcotics to alter the consciousness of the person being questioned, the polygraph test relies on the person&#8217;s physiological marks to determine the &#8216;truth&#8217;.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Q2. What do you mean by Truth Syrum?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>&#8220;Truth serum&#8221; is a colloquial name for any of a range of psychoactive drugs used in an effort to obtain information from subjects who are unable or unwilling to provide it otherwise.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/is-the-administration-of-lie-detector-tests-legally-valid\/article68568568.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Is the administration of lie-detector tests legally valid? | Explained<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Deception Detection Tests are scientific methods used during interrogations to detect lies.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":42237,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-42236","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-mains-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42236","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42236"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42236\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/42237"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42236"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42236"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42236"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}