{"id":42734,"date":"2024-09-30T05:17:43","date_gmt":"2024-09-29T23:47:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=42734"},"modified":"2025-05-05T19:58:40","modified_gmt":"2025-05-05T14:28:40","slug":"swachh-bharat-mission-sbm-urban-20","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/swachh-bharat-mission-sbm-urban-20\/","title":{"rendered":"Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) Urban 2.0"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>What\u2019s in today\u2019s article?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Why in News?<\/li>\n<li>What is the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM)?<\/li>\n<li>Analysing the SBM Urban 2.0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Why in News?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Since the launch of the Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) Urban 2.0, large cities have not cleared any land in half of their legacy landfill sites, with just 38% of the total dumped waste has been remedied so far.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM):<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>About:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>The Government of India had launched<strong> the SBM on 2nd October 2014 <\/strong>to accelerate the efforts to achieve universal sanitation coverage and to put focus on sanitation.<\/li>\n<li>The mission has two components &#8211; rural (<strong>SBM-Gramin, <\/strong>overseen by the Ministry of Jal Shakti) and urban (<strong>SBM-Urban<\/strong>, overseen by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs [MoHUA]).<\/li>\n<li>Under these components,<strong> all villages, Gram Panchayats, Districts, States and UTs<\/strong> in India had to declare themselves &#8220;open-defecation free&#8221; (ODF) by 2 October 2019 &#8211; the 150th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Achievements:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>As one of the largest cleanliness drives in the world, SBM has brought in<strong> a remarkable transformation and traceable benefits<\/strong> to the society as a whole.<\/li>\n<li>Many States have achieved the status of 100% ODF and Individual Household Latrines (IHHL) coverage, thereby <strong>leading to a sea change in the dignity of people, especially women<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>This mission acts as a driver for <strong>eliminating the gender disparity<\/strong> through the construction of gender-specific latrines in public areas such as schools, roads and parks.<\/li>\n<li>This public movement will have an indirect positive impact on society by <strong>increasing the enrolment ratio of girls in schools and improving health standards.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Analysing the SBM Urban 2.0:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>About:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Launched in <strong>2021<\/strong>, the SBM Urban 2.0 has the target of <strong>clearing around 2,400 legacy landfill sites in the country by 2025-2026<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Legacy waste dumpsites<\/strong> are places that contain solid waste that has been collected and stored for years in an unscientific and uncontrolled manner.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Funding: <\/strong>To get funding from SBM Urban 2.0, <strong>cities are supposed to submit action plans to the MoHUA for bioremediation<\/strong> of their legacy landfills and then reuse of the land cleared.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Process:<\/strong> Converting the waste into different categories, leading to the &#8211;\n<ul>\n<li>Creation of <strong>refuse derived fuel (RDF) <\/strong>for waste-to-energy plants,<\/li>\n<li><strong>Recycling <\/strong>of construction and demolition waste and <strong>bio-soil<\/strong> that can be used for road construction.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Performance:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Out of the 69 landfill sites (accounting for 57% of the total waste dumped in landfills in the country) in cities with a population over 1 million, <strong>land is yet to be cleared in 35 sites.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Out of a total area of 3,354 acres with 1,258 lakh metric tonnes of waste in these 69 sites, 1,171 acres with 475 lakh MT of waste have been cleared so far.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Some success stories:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ahmedabad <\/strong>has been able to clear up 4.3 acres of land that used to have 2.30 lakh tonnes of waste. The site has been redeveloped as an ecological park.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nagpur\u2019s <\/strong>legacy landfill spread over 35 acres, with 10 lakh metric tonnes of waste, has also been 100% cleared under the mission.\n<ul>\n<li><strong>The bioremediation<\/strong> of the waste led to generation of refuse derived fuel and manure, which is being sold.<\/li>\n<li>The site will be used for an integrated waste management project.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pune\u2019s<\/strong> legacy landfill at Vanaz has been cleared for use as a depot for the Metro in the city.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lucknow\u2019s<\/strong> landfill at Ghaila was spread over 72 acres, with 8 lakh tonnes of waste. The site has been cleared and is being used to develop a park, Rashtriya Prerna Sthal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Challenges ahead:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Despite significant progress under the SBM, a large portion of legacy waste and landfills continues to <strong>present environmental, health and space constraints<\/strong> for cities.<\/li>\n<li>The cities are facing the challenge of clearing the remaining 65% of land and remediating 62% of garbage left at the legacy landfill sites, with less than 2 years to go before the scheme is completed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Way ahead:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Proper planning<\/strong> before starting the bioremediation process.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Stopping dumping fresh waste<\/strong> on the sites undergoing remediation.<\/li>\n<li>Providing alternative locations to process fresh waste.<\/li>\n<li>Stopping the use of the fine soil-like material generated from the sites as compost, because of the possibility of contamination due to the presence of heavy metals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Q.1. What is refuse derived fuel (RDF)?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>RDF is a fuel made from combustible waste, such as municipal solid waste (MSW), construction and demolition waste, and industrial waste. It&#8217;s an alternative to fossil fuels that helps address waste management and the demand for sustainable energy.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Q.2. What is bioremediation?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Bioremediation is a process that uses microorganisms to clean up contaminated soil, water, and air. It&#8217;s a multidisciplinary approach that uses biological organisms to break down or transform pollutants into less toxic forms.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/india\/swachh-bharat-mission-2026-target-clearing-of-landfills-in-big-cities-9595012\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Swachh Bharat Mission: With 2026 target nearing, clearing of 50% landfills in big cities yet to start<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/with-2026-target-approaching-clearing-of-50-landfill-sites-in-big-cities-yet-to-start-9595178\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">IE<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Launched in 2021, the SBM Urban 2.0 has the target of clearing around 2,400 legacy landfill sites in the country by 2025-2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":42735,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-42734","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-mains-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42734","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=42734"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/42734\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/42735"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=42734"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=42734"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=42734"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}