{"id":43159,"date":"2024-10-27T03:19:24","date_gmt":"2024-10-26T21:49:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=43159"},"modified":"2025-05-06T00:11:28","modified_gmt":"2025-05-05T18:41:28","slug":"g20-pandemic-fund","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/g20-pandemic-fund\/","title":{"rendered":"$25-million Pandemic Fund aims to curb \u2018Zoonotic\u2019 Diseases"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong>What\u2019s in today\u2019s article?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Why in the News?<\/li>\n<li>What is G20 Pandemic Fund?<\/li>\n<li>What are Zoonotic Diseases?<\/li>\n<li>Common Zoonotic Diseases<\/li>\n<li>Transmission Methods<\/li>\n<li>News Summary<\/li>\n<li>About Global Health Security Index<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Why in the News?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The Central Government will implement the G20 Pandemic Fund, which is aimed at enhancing the country\u2019s \u201canimal health security\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>What is G20 Pandemic Fund?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>G20 Pandemic Fund<\/strong> is a financial initiative established by G20 countries to enhance global preparedness and response to health emergencies, particularly <strong>pandemics<\/strong> and <strong>zoonotic diseases<\/strong> (diseases transmitted from animals to humans).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Key Objectives:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Strengthen Global Health Security<\/strong>: The fund aims to bolster healthcare systems worldwide to prevent, detect, and respond swiftly to pandemics.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Address Zoonotic Risks<\/strong>: Focuses on zoonotic diseases, which pose significant threats to human health, by investing in animal health and surveillance.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Support Low and Middle-Income Countries<\/strong>: Provides essential resources and support to vulnerable regions with weaker health infrastructure.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Structure &amp; Funding:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Managed by Multiple Agencies<\/strong>: The World Bank oversees the fund, while it collaborates with organizations like the WHO, FAO, and regional development banks.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Targeted Financial Assistance<\/strong>: Initially launched with over <strong>$1.4 billion<\/strong>, the fund mobilizes grants and low-interest loans for eligible countries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>What are Zoonotic Diseases?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Zoonotic diseases<\/strong> are infections that are transmitted between <strong>animals and humans<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>These diseases can result from various pathogens, including <strong>viruses, bacteria, parasites,<\/strong> and <strong>fungi<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Common Zoonotic Diseases<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>COVID-19<\/strong>: Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, believed to have originated from animals, likely bats, before spreading to humans.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rabies<\/strong>: A viral infection primarily spread through bites or scratches from infected animals, especially dogs and bats.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)<\/strong>: Transmitted from infected birds to humans through direct contact or contaminated environments.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ebola<\/strong>: Originates from fruit bats and is spread through direct contact with bodily fluids of infected animals or humans.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Salmonellosis<\/strong>: Caused by <i>Salmonella<\/i> bacteria, commonly transmitted through contaminated food, particularly poultry and eggs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Transmission Methods<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Direct Contact<\/strong>: Handling or being bitten by infected animals.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Indirect Contact<\/strong>: Contact with contaminated surfaces or environments.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vector-Borne<\/strong>: Through vectors like ticks or mosquitoes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Foodborne<\/strong>: Consuming contaminated meat, eggs, or dairy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Airborne<\/strong>: Inhaling pathogens from animal excreta or dander.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>News Summary<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The Union government has launched a <strong>$25-million G20 Pandemic Fund<\/strong> to strengthen animal health security, aiming to curb <strong>zoonotic diseases<\/strong>\u2014diseases transmitted from animals to humans, like COVID-19.<\/li>\n<li>This initiative is a collaborative effort with organizations including the <strong>Asian Development Bank (ADB)<\/strong>, <strong>World Bank<\/strong>, and <strong>Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)<\/strong>, and is expected to be fully utilized by <strong>August 2026<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The fund will enhance <strong>disease surveillance<\/strong>, build <strong>laboratory infrastructure<\/strong>, and promote <strong>cross-border cooperation<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>India, with high environmental risks and a low score (42.8) on the <strong>Global Health Security Index<\/strong>, is particularly vulnerable to zoonotic diseases, which are further intensified by <strong>climate change<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>Additionally, the project will focus on <strong>human capacity building<\/strong>, improving <strong>data management systems<\/strong>, and enhancing <strong>disaster management frameworks<\/strong> for the livestock sector.<\/li>\n<li>This comprehensive approach aims to create an integrated system to manage zoonotic disease risks effectively.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>About Global Health Security Index<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>Global Health Security Index (GHSI)<\/strong> is a comprehensive assessment and benchmarking tool.<\/li>\n<li>It evaluates the preparedness and capabilities of countries to prevent, detect, and respond to <strong>global health threats<\/strong>, such as pandemics and infectious disease outbreaks.<\/li>\n<li>It was launched in <strong>2019<\/strong> by the <strong>Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI)<\/strong>, the <strong>Johns Hopkins Centre for Health Security<\/strong>, and <strong>The Economist Intelligence Unit<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>The GHSI provides a score ranging from <strong>0 to 100<\/strong> for each country, with higher scores indicating better preparedness.<\/li>\n<li>The index assesses countries based on <strong>six key categories<\/strong>:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Prevention<\/strong>: Measures to prevent the emergence of pathogens.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Detection and Reporting<\/strong>: Surveillance and rapid reporting capabilities.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rapid Response<\/strong>: The ability to respond quickly to an epidemic.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Health System<\/strong>: The capacity of healthcare systems to treat and protect populations.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Compliance with International Norms<\/strong>: Adherence to global health regulations.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Risk Environment<\/strong>: Broader socio-political and environmental factors affecting health security.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h3><strong>Q1.What is an Endemic Disease?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>A disease is said to have entered the endemic stage when a substantial part of the population becomes immune to it, by either having contracted it and recovered from or through vaccination.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Q2. What is an Antibody?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>An antibody or immunoglobulin is a large, Y-shaped protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily which is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize antigens such as bacteria and viruses, including those that cause disease.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/health\/25-million-pandemic-fund-aims-to-curb-zoonotic-diseases\/article68800807.ece#:~:text=The%20Centre%20will%20implement%20%2425,(October%2025%2C%202024)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>$25-million Pandemic Fund aims to curb \u2018zoonotic\u2019 diseases<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2068146\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><u>PIB<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>G20 Pandemic Fund is an initiative established by G20 countries to address health emergencies.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":43160,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-43159","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-mains-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43159","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=43159"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43159\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/43160"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=43159"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=43159"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=43159"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}