{"id":45841,"date":"2025-04-17T05:30:21","date_gmt":"2025-04-17T00:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=45841"},"modified":"2025-05-08T02:54:03","modified_gmt":"2025-05-07T21:24:03","slug":"type-5-diabetes-recognized-a-new-malnutrition-induced-form-of-diabetes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/type-5-diabetes-recognized-a-new-malnutrition-induced-form-of-diabetes\/","title":{"rendered":"Type 5 Diabetes Recognized: A New Malnutrition-Induced Form of Diabetes"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>What\u2019s in Today\u2019s Article?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Type 5 Diabetes Latest News<\/li>\n<li>About Type 5 Diabetes<\/li>\n<li>Global Prevalence<\/li>\n<li>Markers of Type 5 Diabetes<\/li>\n<li>Treatment Approaches<\/li>\n<li>Type 5 Diabetes FAQs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Type 5 Diabetes Latest News<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Type 5 diabetes, a form of the disease affecting lean and undernourished young adults in low- and middle-income countries, has been officially recognised by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF).\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Often misdiagnosed and overlooked in research, this type is caused by malnutrition-induced reduced insulin production and has only recently gained formal acknowledgment after decades of neglect.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>About Type 5 Diabetes<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Type 5 diabetes is a distinct form of diabetes that primarily affects lean and malnourished teenagers and young adults in low- and middle-income countries.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>It is caused by malnutrition-induced abnormal functioning of pancreatic beta cells, leading to insufficient insulin production.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Unlike Type 2 diabetes, where the issue is insulin resistance, Type 5 involves impaired insulin secretion due to poor nutritional history.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Recognition and Endorsement<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The term \u2018Type 5 diabetes\u2019 was introduced and endorsed by Prof Peter Schwarz, president of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), in January 2025.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>It received official recognition recently at the 75th World Congress for Diabetes held in Bangkok.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Historical Background<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Although newly named, Type 5 diabetes is not a new disease. It was first reported in Jamaica in 1955 as &#8220;J-type diabetes.&#8221;\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>In 1985, the World Health Organization (WHO) classified it as \u201cmalnutrition-related diabetes mellitus,\u201d but the category was removed in 1999 due to a lack of conclusive evidence linking it to malnutrition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Global Prevalence<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>This condition has been observed in several countries including India, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Uganda, Ethiopia, Rwanda, and Korea\u2014mostly across the Global South.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>It currently affects around 25 million people worldwide.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Recent Research and Renewed Focus<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Recent studies have shed light on how childhood and early adulthood malnutrition affects pancreatic development and insulin function.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>This new evidence has been key in securing the disease&#8217;s formal recognition as a separate type of diabetes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Markers of Type 5 Diabetes<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>It is a unique form of diabetes, observed in Asian Indians, has no evidence of autoimmune or genetic causes.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Key Indicators Include<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Very low Body Mass Index (BMI):<\/strong> Less than 18.5 kg\/m\u00b2<\/li>\n<li><strong>Severely reduced insulin secretion:<\/strong> Much lower than in Type 2 diabetes, but slightly higher than in Type 1<\/li>\n<li><strong>Low body fat:<\/strong> Significantly less than seen in Type 2 diabetes cases<\/li>\n<li><strong>Poor nutritional intake:<\/strong> Especially low in proteins, fibre, and essential micronutrients<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Underlying Cause: Malnutrition from the Womb<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The root of Type 5 diabetes lies in malnutrition, beginning as early as the fetal stage.<\/li>\n<li>Health experts explain that:\n<ul>\n<li>Undernourishment during pregnancy can impair fetal development and increase diabetes risk.<\/li>\n<li>Historical factors like colonial hardships and food scarcity contributed to generational malnutrition.<\/li>\n<li>If a child remains undernourished both before and after birth, without experiencing later weight gain, they are more prone to developing Type 5 diabetes, unlike those who develop Type 2 diabetes after postnatal overnutrition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Treatment Approaches<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Since the disease has only recently been officially recognised, standard diagnostic and treatment guidelines are still under development.<\/li>\n<li>Preliminary suggestions include:\n<ul>\n<li>High-protein diet: To combat malnutrition and support insulin function<\/li>\n<li>Balanced intake of carbs and fats: Tailored to BMI and physical activity for healthy weight gain<\/li>\n<li>Medication: Anti-diabetic drugs or insulin may be prescribed based on individual glucose levels and response to therapy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>The Type 5 Diabetes Working Group aims to establish concrete protocols over the next two years, focusing on affected populations in low-resource settings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Type 5 Diabetes FAQs<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Q1.<\/strong> What is Type 5 diabetes?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ans.<\/strong> Type 5 diabetes is a malnutrition-induced form affecting lean, young adults in low-income countries, leading to reduced insulin production.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q2.<\/strong> What causes Type 5 diabetes?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ans.<\/strong> Malnutrition, especially during fetal development, causes abnormal pancreatic beta cell function, leading to insufficient insulin production.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q3.<\/strong> What are the markers of Type 5 diabetes?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ans.<\/strong> Markers include low BMI, reduced insulin secretion, low body fat, and poor intake of proteins, fiber, and micronutrients.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q4.<\/strong> How is Type 5 diabetes treated?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ans.<\/strong> Treatment includes high-protein diets, balanced carbs and fats, and anti-diabetic medications or insulin based on glucose levels.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q5.<\/strong> Where is Type 5 diabetes most prevalent?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ans.<\/strong> It is common in countries like India, Sri Lanka, Uganda, and Bangladesh, primarily affecting populations in the Global South.<\/p>\n<p>\n<strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-health\/type-5-diabetes-recognised-as-distinct-form-of-disease-why-is-this-significant-9948433\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">IE<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/health-wellness\/whats-type-5-diabetes-recognised-after-decades-9945186\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">IE<\/a> | <a href=\"https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/news\/new-updates\/type-5-diabetes-the-new-health-threat-affecting-millions-of-kids-with-this-condition-heres-what-every-parent-needs-to-know\/articleshow\/120337001.cms?from=mdr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">ET<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Type 5 diabetes, recognized by the IDF, affects lean, malnourished young adults in low-income countries. Learn about its causes, markers, and treatment.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":45842,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-45841","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-mains-current-affairs","8":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45841","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=45841"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45841\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/45842"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=45841"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=45841"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=45841"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}