{"id":48173,"date":"2025-05-19T16:23:07","date_gmt":"2025-05-19T10:53:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=48173"},"modified":"2025-05-27T16:34:53","modified_gmt":"2025-05-27T11:04:53","slug":"presidential-reference","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/presidential-reference\/","title":{"rendered":"Presidential Reference"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Presidential Reference Latest News<\/h2>\n<p>President Droupadi Murmu recently referred\u00a0<strong>14 questions<\/strong>\u00a0to the\u00a0<strong>Supreme Court<\/strong>\u00a0under\u00a0<strong>Article 143<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2>What is a Presidential Reference?<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>A\u00a0<strong>Presidential Reference<\/strong>\u00a0is a\u00a0<strong>constitutional mechanism<\/strong>\u00a0under\u00a0<strong>Article 143<\/strong>\u00a0of the\u00a0<strong>Indian Constitution<\/strong>, wherein the\u00a0<strong>President of India<\/strong>\u00a0seeks the\u00a0<strong>advisory opinion of the Supreme Court<\/strong>\u00a0on\u00a0<strong>important questions of law or fact<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>This power enables the\u00a0<strong>executive<\/strong>\u00a0to seek\u00a0<strong>judicial clarity<\/strong>\u00a0on\u00a0<strong>complex constitutional matters<\/strong>\u00a0without initiating litigation.<\/li>\n<li>There are two components of Article 143:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Article 143(1)<\/strong>\u00a0allows the President to refer\u00a0<strong>any question of law or fact of public importance<\/strong>\u00a0to the\u00a0<strong>Supreme Court<\/strong>\u00a0for its\u00a0<strong>advisory opinion<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Article 143(2)<\/strong>\u00a0pertains to\u00a0<strong>disputes involving pre-Constitutional treaties and agreements<\/strong>, permitting the President to refer such matters for legal clarification.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Nature of Opinion:\u00a0<\/strong>The\u00a0<strong>Supreme Court\u2019s opinion is not binding<\/strong>\u00a0on the President. It\u00a0<strong>does not carry precedential value<\/strong>\u00a0but holds\u00a0<strong>strong persuasive authority<\/strong>\u00a0and is usually\u00a0<strong>followed by the executive and judiciary<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Historical origin:\u00a0<\/strong>The provision originates from the\u00a0<strong>Government of India Act, 1935<\/strong>, which empowered the\u00a0<strong>Governor-General<\/strong>\u00a0to refer legal matters to the\u00a0<strong>Federal Court<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Procedure for Reference:\u00a0<\/strong>The\u00a0<strong>President refers to the advice of the Union Council of Ministers<\/strong>. As per\u00a0<strong>Article 145<\/strong>, a\u00a0<strong>minimum 5-judge Bench<\/strong>\u00a0of the Supreme Court must hear the matter.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The court&#8217;s discretion:\u00a0<\/strong>The\u00a0<strong>Supreme Court may choose whether or not to answer<\/strong>\u00a0the reference. It can\u00a0<strong>refuse<\/strong>\u00a0to respond if the question is\u00a0<strong>vague<\/strong>,\u00a0<strong>hypothetical<\/strong>, or\u00a0<strong>outside judicial purview<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Global comparisons:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Canada<\/strong>: Allows similar advisory references to the\u00a0<strong>Supreme Court of Canada<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li><strong>United States<\/strong>: It does not permit advisory opinions, and it respects the\u00a0<strong>strict separation of powers<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Presidential Reference FAQs<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Q1:\u00a0<\/strong>What is a Presidential Reference?<br \/>\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0A Presidential Reference is a mechanism under Article 143 of the Constitution through which the President of India can seek the opinion of the Supreme Court on a question of law or fact of public importance.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q2:\u00a0<\/strong>How many types of Presidential Reference exist?<br \/>\n<strong>Ans:<\/strong>\u00a0There are two types: one related to legal questions (Article 143(1)), and the other related to disputes arising out of pre-Constitution treaties or agreements (Article 143(2)).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Source:\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newindianexpress.com\/states\/tamil-nadu\/2025\/May\/19\/presidential-references-to-supreme-court-on-state-bills-a-peep-into-the-past-75-yrs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">NIE<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A Presidential Reference under Article 143 lets the President of India seek the Supreme Court&#8217;s advisory opinion on key legal or factual questions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":48010,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[21,564,22,23],"class_list":{"0":"post-48173","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"tag-prelims-pointers","9":"tag-presidential-reference","10":"tag-upsc-current-affairs","11":"tag-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","12":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48173","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=48173"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/48173\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/48010"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48173"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=48173"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=48173"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}