{"id":50996,"date":"2026-06-20T12:45:33","date_gmt":"2026-06-20T07:15:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=50996"},"modified":"2026-06-20T12:53:49","modified_gmt":"2026-06-20T07:23:49","slug":"high-courts-in-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/high-courts-in-india\/","title":{"rendered":"High Courts in India, List, Jurisdictions, Articles, Key Facts for UPSC"},"content":{"rendered":"

High Courts in India: <\/b>In India\u2019s legal framework, High Courts hold a prominent position as the highest courts of appeal for the states and Union Territories they serve. As per Article 214 of the Constitution, every state or Union Territory is mandated to establish at least one High Court, ensuring access to justice across the country. Additionally, Article 231 allows for the creation of a single High Court that serves multiple states, offering a more streamlined approach to legal proceedings. As of now, there are 25 High Courts in India, each contributing to the nation\u2019s judicial integrity.<\/span><\/p>\n

High Courts in India<\/b><\/h2>\n

High Courts in India are the highest judicial authority in each state or Union Territory, overseeing subordinate courts. According to Article 231 of the Constitution, while each state generally has its own High Court, some states share a single court. India has 25 High Courts, with the Calcutta High Court, established in 1862, being the oldest, alongside Bombay and Madras High Courts. <\/span><\/p>\n

The Telangana and Andhra Pradesh High Courts were established in 2019. Each High Court is headed by a Chief Justice<\/strong><\/a>, with additional judges appointed by the President of India. The Madras Law Journal, started in 1891, reports judicial decisions.<\/span><\/p>\n

Also Read: List of Education Ministers<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

List of High Courts in India<\/b><\/h2>\n

Below is a List of High Courts in India, along with their respective years of establishment:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
List of High Courts in India<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Name<\/strong><\/td>\nYear<\/strong><\/td>\nTerritorial Jurisdiction<\/strong><\/td>\nSeat<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Kolkata<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1862<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

West Bengal, Andaman & Nicobar Islands<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Kolkata ( Bench of port Blair)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Bombay<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1862<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Maharashtra, Dadar, & Nagar Haveli. Goa, Daman\u00a0 Diu<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Mumbai (Bench at Panaji, Aurangabad and Nagpur)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Chennai<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1862<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Tamil Nadu & Pondicherry<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Chennai (Bench at Madurai)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Allahabad<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1866<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Uttar Pradesh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Allahabad (Bench at Lucknow)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Karnataka<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1884<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Karnataka<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Bengaluru (Bench at Dharwad and Gulbarga)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Patna<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1916<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Bihar<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Patna<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Jammu & Kashmir<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1928<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Jammu & Kashmir<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

SriNagar & Jammu<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Punjab & Haryana<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1947<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Chandigarh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Guwahati<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1948<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Assam, Nagaland, Mizoram and Arunachal Pradesh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Guwahati (Bench at Kohima, Aizawl and Itanagar<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Orissa<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1948<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Orissa<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Cuttack<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Rajasthan<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1949<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Rajasthan<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Jodhpur ( Bench \u2013 Jaipur)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Madhya Pradesh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1956<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Madhya Pradesh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Jabalpur (Bench \u2013Indore , Gwalior)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Kerala<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1958<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Kerala & Lakshadweep<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Ernakulam<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Gujarat<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1960<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Gujarat<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Ahmedabad<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Delhi<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1966<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Delhi<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Delhi<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Himachal Pradesh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1966<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Himachal Pradesh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Shimla<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Sikkim<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

1975<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Sikkim<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Gangtok<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Chhattisgarh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Chhattisgarh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Bilaspur<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Uttarakhand<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Uttarakhand<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nainital<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Jharkhand<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Jharkhand<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Ranchi<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Tripura<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2013<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Tripura<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Agartala<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Manipur<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2013<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Manipur<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Imphal<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Meghalaya<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2013<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Meghalaya<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Shillong<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Andhra Pradesh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2019<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Andhra Pradesh<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Amravati<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Telangana<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2019<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Telangana<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Hyderabad<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Appointment of Judges in High Courts<\/b><\/h2>\n

The process of appointing judges to a High Court in India involves a multi-step procedure, ensuring that the most qualified individuals are selected. The Chief Justice of a High Court is appointed by the President of India<\/strong><\/a>, who consults both the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court<\/strong><\/a> and the Governor of the respective state.<\/span><\/p>\n

Other judges are appointed based on consultations between the President, the Governor<\/strong><\/a>, and the Chief Justice of the High Court. This collaboration ensures that judicial appointments are both transparent and uphold the integrity of the judicial system.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qualifications for High Court Judges<\/b><\/h2>\n

To qualify for a judge’s position in a High Court, an individual must meet the following criteria:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Citizenship: <\/b>The candidate must be an Indian citizen.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Experience: <\/b>The candidate should have served as an advocate in one or more High Courts in India or held the position of a judge in subordinate courts in India<\/strong><\/a> for a minimum of 10 years.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    These requirements ensure that only highly experienced legal professionals are considered for the esteemed position of High Court judge.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Tenure of High Court Judges<\/b><\/h2>\n

    Initially, the retirement age for High Court judges was set at 60 years. However, this was extended to 62 years in 1963 through the 15th Constitutional Amendment Act<\/strong><\/a>, recognizing the value of experience in the judiciary.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Removal of High Court Judges<\/b><\/h2>\n

    A High Court judge may vacate their office under several circumstances. If a judge wishes to resign, they submit their resignation letter to the President of India. Additionally, a judge’s office will be considered vacated if they are appointed to the Supreme Court or transferred to a different High Court.<\/span><\/p>\n

    In rare cases, a High Court judge can be removed from office. This can happen if both Houses of Parliament pass a motion against the judge with an absolute majority<\/strong><\/a> and a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting, when sitting separately. The final decision is made by the President of India.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Salary of High Court Judges<\/b><\/h2>\n

    Judges of the High Court receive a substantial salary in recognition of their important roles. The Chief Justice of a High Court is entitled to a salary of \u20b9280,000 per month, while other judges earn \u20b9250,000 per month.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

    Jurisdiction and Powers of the High Court<\/b><\/h2>\n

    The High Court of India holds a range of key powers and jurisdictions, as outlined below:<\/span><\/p>\n