{"id":53282,"date":"2025-07-03T12:13:36","date_gmt":"2025-07-03T06:43:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=53282"},"modified":"2025-07-03T14:03:03","modified_gmt":"2025-07-03T08:33:03","slug":"santhal-rebellion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/santhal-rebellion\/","title":{"rendered":"Santhal Rebellion"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Santhal Rebellion Latest News<\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">June 30 marked the 170th anniversary of the Santhal rebellion, or \u2018Hul\u2019 \u2013 literally, revolution \u2013 one of the earliest tribal uprisings against the British.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>About Santhal Rebellion<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>Santhal rebellion, or \u2018Hul<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2019\u2013literally, revolution\u2013<\/span><b>began in 1855, two years before the uprising of 1857<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, often referred to as \u201cthe first war for Indian independence\u201d.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Santhal rebellio<\/span><b>n occurred in the Rajmahal hills <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of the <\/span><b>Santhal region in Jharkhand.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It was an <\/span><b>\u201corganised war against colonialism\u201d led by the Santhals<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, standing <\/span><b>against the myriad forms of oppression<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2013economic and otherwise\u2013they were <\/span><b>subjected to by the British and <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">their collaborator <\/span><b>zamindars and corrupt moneylenders.<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>seeds <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">of the Santhal rebellion, however, were <\/span><b>sown in 1832<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> when the <\/span><b>East India Company created the Damin-i-Koh region<\/b> <b>in <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the forested belt of the<\/span><b> Rajmahal hills.\u00a0<\/b>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The area was <\/span><b>allocated to the Santhals displaced <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">from Birbhum, Murshidabad, Bhagalpur, Barabhum, Manbhum, Palamau, and Chhotanagpur, all areas of the Bengal Presidency.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">While the <\/span><b>Santhals were promised settlement and agriculture in Damin-i-Koh<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><b>what followed was the repressive practice of land-grabbing and bega<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ri (bonded labour)<\/span><b> of two types: kamioti and harwahi.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Over the years, Santhals found themselves at the receiving end of <\/span><b>exploitative practices aided by the British.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Led by two brothers, Sidhu and Kanhu,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> the Santhal Rebellion saw the <\/span><b>participation of<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as many as<\/span><b> 32 castes and communities<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> rallying behind them.<\/span>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>brothers spread word about their plan through uniquely folded sal leaves,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a <\/span><b>communication system called Dharwak, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and mobilised 10,000 people and declared a rebellion.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Their brothers, Chand and Bairab, and sisters Phulo and Jhano Murmu, joined <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">forces.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With Phulo and Jhano joining the rebellion,<\/span><b> more women took up arms<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> against the British.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After the<\/span><b> rebellion broke out in 1855<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, both sides <\/span><b>continued clashing till the uprising was crushed in 1856.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The <\/span><b>British defeated <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the <\/span><b>Santhals using modern firearms and war elephants<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in a decisive action in which both <\/span><b>Sidho and Kanho died.<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Who were the Santhal Tribes?<\/b><\/h2>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Santhals were <\/span><b>one of the largest tribal communities<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in India, predominantly residing in the states of <\/span><b>Jharkhand, Bihar, West Bengal, and Odisha.\u00a0<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They were known for their rich cultural heritage, <\/span><b>distinct language (Santhali)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and deep connection to the land they inhabited.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Traditionally<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the Santhals had been <\/span><b>agriculturists<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, depending on the land for their livelihood.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Their spiritual practices were closely linked to their agricultural lifestyle.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Santhal community had a <\/span><b>strong social structure, <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">with their <\/span><b>society being organised into various clans known as \u2018parhas.\u2019<\/b><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">They <b style=\"font-size: inherit;\">followed animism,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a belief system deeply rooted in <\/span><b style=\"font-size: inherit;\">nature worship<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. They honoured spirits associated with the earth, water, and forests.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><b>Source<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/upsc-current-affairs\/upsc-essentials\/knowledge-nugget-santhal-revolt-hul-diwas-tribal-rebellions-upsc-10096235\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IE<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Santhal rebellion, or \u2018Hul\u2019\u2013literally, revolution\u2013began in 1855, two years before the uprising of 1857, often referred to as \u201cthe first war for Indian independence\u201d. Read more about Santhal Rebellion, History, Leaders, Location, Latest News<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":23,"featured_media":53293,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[21,1316,22,23],"class_list":{"0":"post-53282","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","8":"tag-prelims-pointers","9":"tag-santhal-rebellion","10":"tag-upsc-current-affairs","11":"tag-upsc-prelims-current-affairs","12":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53282","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/23"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53282"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53282\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/53293"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53282"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53282"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53282"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}