{"id":53905,"date":"2025-07-08T11:00:19","date_gmt":"2025-07-08T05:30:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/?p=53905"},"modified":"2025-10-13T14:42:39","modified_gmt":"2025-10-13T09:12:39","slug":"daily-editorial-analysis-8-july-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/daily-editorial-analysis-8-july-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Daily Editorial Analysis 8 July 2025"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"feed_item_title\"><strong>Rising Seas, Shifting Lives and a Test of Democratic Values<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"feed_item_content\">\n<h3><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>As climate change accelerates, India\u2019s coastal regions are witnessing not just environmental degradation but also profound socio-economic disruptions.<\/li>\n<li>Rising sea levels, saltwater intrusion, and unchecked development are displacing communities dependent on coastal ecosystems, forcing them into vulnerable urban labour markets.<\/li>\n<li>This article examines the legal, environmental, and human rights challenges posed by climate-induced displacement, and argues for a rights-based policy framework to protect and rehabilitate the affected populations as part of India\u2019s broader climate adaptation strategy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Climate Change and Coastal Displacement in India<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reshaping the Coastline<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>India\u2019s eastern and western seaboards are undergoing dramatic transformation due to rising sea levels, saltwater intrusion, and unregulated development.<\/li>\n<li>Agricultural and fishing communities, historically reliant on coastal ecosystems, are being uprooted and forced into migration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Inadequate Resettlement<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Villages like Satabhaya in Odisha have vanished, with displaced residents moved to government colonies that fail to ensure sustainable livelihoods.<\/li>\n<li>Displacement and environmental degradation are affecting regions such as Karnataka\u2019s Honnavar, Tamil Nadu\u2019s Nagapattinam, Gujarat\u2019s Kutch, and parts of Kerala.<\/li>\n<li>Displaced populations are pushed into precarious urban labour markets, lacking legal safeguards and adequate state support.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Projects and Environmental Degradation: A Vicious Cycle<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Coastal Development Fuelling Ecological Loss<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Industrial projects like ports, energy hubs, and aquaculture under schemes like Sagarmala have led to large-scale clearing of mangroves, sand dunes, and wetlands\u2014natural buffers against climate impacts.<\/li>\n<li>Environmental approvals often overlook cumulative climate vulnerabilities, promoting a development model that exacerbates ecological degradation and community displacement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Displacement into Informal Urban Labour<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Displaced coastal populations are being absorbed into informal jobs in cities like Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Mumbai, lacking job security and social safety nets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rise of Labour Exploitation<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Migrants face systemic exploitation\u2014through debt bondage, absence of legal protections under labour laws, and gendered abuse in domestic and low-wage work sectors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Legal Gaps in Addressing Climate Displacement<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Absence of a Specific Legal Framework<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>While Article 21 of the Constitution guarantees the right to life and dignity, India lacks a dedicated law for those displaced by slow-onset climate disasters.<\/li>\n<li>Current laws\u2014like the Disaster Management Act (2005), Environment (Protection) Act (1986), and Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notifications\u2014focus on environmental protection or emergency relief,\u00a0<u>not long-term rehabilitation or livelihood integration<\/u>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Inadequate Coastal and Climate Policies<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>The CRZ Notification, 2019, intended to ensure sustainable coastal management, has been criticised for prioritising tourism and industrial development over the rights of traditional fishing communities.<\/li>\n<li>Diluted zoning has enabled unchecked commercial projects without informed consent, violating national and international environmental norms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Policy Shortfalls in Climate Adaptation Plans<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) and State Action Plans acknowledge vulnerability but lack targeted strategies for rehabilitating displaced populations or integrating them into formal labour markets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Labour Codes and Migrant Protections<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>India\u2019s recent Labour Codes fail to recognise or protect climate migrants, particularly in informal sectors like construction and domestic work, where such migrants are overrepresented.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Judicial Recognition Without Legislative Translation<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Key Supreme Court judgments\u2014M.C. Mehta v. Union of India (1987) and Indian Council for Enviro-Legal Action v. Union of India (1996)\u2014established the link between environment and fundamental rights.<\/li>\n<li>However, these principles have not been translated into binding, community-centric legal safeguards for climate-induced displacement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Managed Retreat Without Safeguards<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>As climate change is increasingly used to justify displacement under the guise of \u201cmanaged retreat,\u201d the absence of participatory planning and rights-based safeguards raises serious concerns for the displaced.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Building a Rights-Based Framework for Climate Migrants<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Integration into National Policies<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Climate migrants must be formally recognised in India\u2019s migration and urban planning frameworks to ensure inclusive and equitable adaptation strategies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Guaranteeing Core Rights and Services<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>A rights-based approach should ensure access to decent work, housing, education, and healthcare for displaced communities, particularly in urban informal sectors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reforming Labour Codes<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Labour laws must be revised to extend explicit protections to climate migrants, especially in vulnerable sectors like construction and domestic work where exploitation is rampant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rethinking Coastal Zone Management<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Coastal management policies must shift focus from commercial development to ecological sustainability and protection of community rights.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Aligning with Global Commitments<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>India\u2019s pursuit of\u00a0<strong><u>SDG Target 8.7<\/u><\/strong><u>\u2014ending forced labour and promoting decent work<\/u>\u2014depends on addressing vulnerabilities caused by climate displacement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>A Test of Democratic Values<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Upholding the rights and dignity of climate-affected populations is not just about adaptation\u2014it is a moral and constitutional imperative for India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 class=\"feed_item_title\"><strong>BRICS Summit 2025 &#8211; Advancing Global South Cooperation for Inclusive and Sustainable Governance<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"feed_item_content\">\n<h3><strong>Why in News?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>17th\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/upsc-exam\/brics\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>BRICS<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u00a0Summit<\/strong>\u00a0was held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil under the\u00a0<strong>theme\u00a0<\/strong>&#8220;Strengthening Global South Cooperation for a More Inclusive and Sustainable Governance&#8221;.<\/li>\n<li>This Summit, which concluded with the \u2018<strong>Rio de Janeiro Declaration<\/strong>\u2019, marks\u00a0<strong>a strategic shift towards inclusivity, expansion, and stronger South-South cooperation.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>What\u2019s in Today\u2019s Article?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Key Highlights of the BRICS Summit 2025<\/li>\n<li>Strategic Focus Areas and Commitments<\/li>\n<li>India at BRICS Summit 2025<\/li>\n<li>US Opposition to BRICS<\/li>\n<li>Conclusion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Key Highlights of the BRICS Summit 2025:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Reaffirmation of BRICS spirit and strategic vision:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Emphasized mutual respect, sovereign equality, democracy, and inclusiveness.<\/li>\n<li>Strengthened cooperation under\u00a0<strong>three pillars:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Political and security<\/li>\n<li>Economic and financial<\/li>\n<li>Cultural and people-to-people cooperation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Reiterated commitment to peace, inclusive development, and\u00a0<strong>reform of global governance institutions.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Expansion of BRICS membership and partnerships:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Indonesia\u00a0<\/strong>formally joins as a full BRICS member.<\/li>\n<li><strong>11 new BRICS partner countries welcomed\u00a0<\/strong>&#8211; Belarus, Bolivia, Kazakhstan, Cuba, Nigeria, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, Uganda, Uzbekistan.<\/li>\n<li>Expansion reflects an\u00a0<strong>evolving multipolar world<\/strong>\u00a0order and\u00a0<strong>Global South solidarity<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Key declarations:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Initiatives launched:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>BRICS Leaders\u2019 Framework Declaration on Climate Finance<\/li>\n<li>Statement on Global Governance of Artificial Intelligence (AI)<\/li>\n<li>Launch of BRICS Partnership for the Elimination of Socially Determined Diseases<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>These highlight\u00a0<strong>BRICS\u2019 commitment to inclusive innovation, climate action, and equitable health systems.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Strategic Focus Areas and Commitments:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Strengthening multilateralism and reforming global governance:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>The \u2018<strong>Rio de Janeiro Declaration<\/strong>\u2019 called for equitable, effective, and accountable multilateralism.<\/li>\n<li>Supported the UN Summit of the Future&#8217;s &#8220;<strong>Pact for the Future<\/strong>&#8220;, including:\n<ul>\n<li>Global Digital Compact<\/li>\n<li>Declaration on Future Generations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Emphasis on consultation, shared responsibility, and equitable representation in international institutions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Promoting peace, security, and stability:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Expressed concern over global military spending surge and regional conflicts.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rejected linking climate change with security narratives.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Advocated\u00a0<strong>development-centric multilateral solutions\u00a0<\/strong>for poverty, hunger, and environmental crises.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Economic, trade, and financial cooperation:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Reviewed implementation of Strategy for BRICS Economic Partnership 2025.<\/li>\n<li>Welcomed upcoming\u00a0<strong>Strategy for BRICS Economic Partnership 2030<\/strong>, focusing on:\n<ul>\n<li>Digital economy, trade and investment,<\/li>\n<li>Financial cooperation, and<\/li>\n<li>Sustainable development.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Pledged to uphold a transparent and inclusive multilateral trading system.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Climate change and sustainability commitments:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Strong support for Paris Agreement and UNFCCC principles, especially:\n<ul>\n<li>Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (<strong>CBDR<\/strong>)<\/li>\n<li>National circumstances of developing countries<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Full backing for<strong>\u00a0COP-30 in Brazil<\/strong>\u00a0(Belem) and India\u2019s bid to host<strong>\u00a0COP-33<\/strong>\u00a0(2028).<\/li>\n<li>Called for scaled-up efforts and finance for climate adaptation and mitigation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Social, human, and cultural development:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Emphasized inclusive development<\/strong>, particularly: youth empowerment, women\u2019s rights, disability inclusion, urbanization, and migration management.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Recognized demographic changes<\/strong>\u00a0as both a challenge and opportunity for development.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>India at BRICS Summit 2025:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>India\u2019s leadership vision &#8211; BRICS in a \u201cNew Form\u201d:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>At the 17th BRICS Summit, the Indian PM announced\u00a0<strong>India\u2019s upcoming BRICS presidency for 2026<\/strong>, outlining a transformative vision and proposing a new interpretation of BRICS &#8211;\n<ul>\n<li>Building<\/li>\n<li>Resilience and<\/li>\n<li>Innovation for<\/li>\n<li>Cooperation and<\/li>\n<li>Sustainability<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Echoed India\u2019s G20 Presidency theme of \u201c<strong>People-centricity and Humanity First<\/strong>\u201d, placing Global South concerns at the core.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>India\u2019s strategic gains from BRICS 2025:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>At the 17th BRICS Summit,\u00a0<strong>India emerged as a leading voice in shaping the BRICS agenda<\/strong>, advancing themes of de-dollarization, climate finance, digital governance, and global institutional reform.<\/li>\n<li><strong>BRICS Pay\u00a0<\/strong>and national currency settlement frameworks were discussed, though a common BRICS currency was ruled out.<\/li>\n<li>A<strong>\u00a0BRICS Multilateral Guarantee (BMG)<\/strong>\u00a0mechanism was launched by the New Development Bank (NDB) to mobilize private investment in infrastructure, climate, and sustainable development.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Improving India\u2013China relations:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>A bilateral between PM Modi and Chinese President Xi Jinping led to agreements on:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>De-escalation<\/strong>\u00a0along the Line of Actual Control (LAC), and<\/li>\n<li>Resumption of border patrols.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>This may\u00a0<strong>restore investor confidence<\/strong>, particularly in electronics and manufacturing sectors.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>US Opposition to BRICS:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>BRICS as a growing power bloc:\u00a0<\/strong>With the addition of new members, BRICS now represents 45% of the global population and contributes 35% to global GDP.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Concerns over BRICS currency alternatives:\u00a0<\/strong>Despite early speculation, BRICS clarified it does not intend to replace the dollar, but rather aims to offer viable\u00a0<strong>alternative\u00a0<\/strong>settlement systems\u00a0<strong>to improve market efficiency and ensure inclusive globalisation.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Trump\u2019s tariff threat:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>President Trump\u00a0<strong>warned of a 10% tariff\u00a0<\/strong>on any country aligning with BRICS\u2019 \u201canti-American policies\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>He issued a stronger warning of a 100% tariff on BRICS nations if they move to reduce dollar usage in international trade.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>India\u2019s calibrated stand and resistance to Yuan\u2019s dominance:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar:\u00a0<\/strong>\u201cIndia does not target the dollar, but explores alternative trade settlements due to practical constraints.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong>Yuan&#8217;s role in BRICS:<\/strong>\u00a0Yuan became the most traded currency in Russia, accounting for 90% of bilateral trade settlements.<\/li>\n<li><strong>India\u2019s resistance:<\/strong>\u00a0India refused to use the yuan for Russian oil imports, indicating reluctance to accept Chinese monetary hegemony.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Conclusion:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The BRICS Summit 2025 marks a defining moment in\u00a0<strong>Global South-led multilateralism\u00a0<\/strong>and highlights BRICS\u2019 growing relevance in shaping global discourse,\u00a0<strong>reinforcing BRICS as a credible alternative<\/strong>\u00a0to Western-dominated institutions.<\/li>\n<li>India\u2019s proactive leadership at BRICS 2025 and forthcoming BRICS Presidency in 2026\u00a0<strong>signals its growing influence in shaping a South-led multilateral order<\/strong>, with tangible gains across finance, climate, tech, and trade sectors.<\/li>\n<li>India\u2019s nuanced position on BRICS\u2019 financial initiatives reflects its pursuit of\u00a0<strong>strategic autonomy, economic de-risking, and multipolarity in global governance<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 class=\"feed_item_title\"><strong>Fostering a Commitment to Stop Maternal Deaths<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"feed_item_content\">\n<h3><strong>Context<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Maternal mortality remains a critical public health concern<\/strong>\u00a0in India, reflecting the broader socio-economic, infrastructural, and systemic challenges facing the country&#8217;s healthcare system.<\/li>\n<li>While India\u2019s Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) has improved,\u00a0<strong>falling from 103 in 2017\u201319 to 93 in 2019\u201321,<\/strong>\u00a0this still translates to\u00a0<strong>93 women dying for every 1,00,000 live births.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Therefore,\u00a0<strong>it is important to analyse the various dimensions contributing to maternal mortality in India,<\/strong>\u00a0highlighting the disparities among different states and strategic solutions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>The National Picture and Regional Disparities<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Empowered Action Group (EAG) States<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>States including Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, and Assam,\u00a0<strong>represent the most concerning figures.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Madhya Pradesh (175) and Assam (167) have alarmingly high MMRs<\/strong>, highlighting acute systemic gaps.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Southern States<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Karnataka perform significantly better.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kerala leads the nation with the lowest MMR of 20<\/strong>, exemplifying what committed governance, effective training, and community health initiatives can achieve.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Other States<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>This\u00a0<strong>list comprises Maharashtra, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana, and West Bengal and displays a mixed picture,<\/strong>\u00a0indicating the need for tailored policy interventions to address state-specific challenges.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>The Three Delays Model: Understanding Maternal Deaths<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Delay in Decision-Making to Seek Care<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Often rooted in poor health literacy, financial insecurity, or gendered social norms,\u00a0<strong>this delay can be fatal.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Families underestimate complications<\/strong>, assuming childbirth is a routine process.<\/li>\n<li>However,\u00a0<strong>community engagement through ASHA workers,<\/strong>\u00a0self-help groups, and financial incentives under the National Rural Health Mission have\u00a0<strong>begun to shift attitudes, promoting institutional deliveries.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Delay in Reaching Healthcare Facilities<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Geographic isolation, inadequate transportation, and\u00a0<strong>poor road connectivity are barriers in rural and tribal areas.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>108-ambulance service and emergency transport provisions under the National Health Mission<\/strong>\u00a0have mitigated this to some extent, but challenges persist.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Delay in Receiving Adequate Care at the Facility<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>This is perhaps the most\u00a0<strong>inexcusable of all delays.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Systemic issues like understaffed hospitals, lack of blood banks, absence of skilled obstetricians or anaesthetists, and\u00a0<strong>delayed emergency response contribute significantly to avoidable deaths.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>A non-functional operation theatre or delayed availability of lab results<\/strong>\u00a0can mean the difference between life and death.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Medical Causes of Maternal Mortality<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Postpartum Haemorrhage<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>The leading cause, often due to uterine atony,\u00a0<strong>which can lead to massive blood loss.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>In the absence of timely blood transfusion and uterine contraction management, death occurs swiftly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Obstructed Labour<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Especially prevalent among malnourished,\u00a0<strong>stunted women with narrow pelvic structures.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Without timely Caesarean sections, prolonged labour can cause uterine rupture and foetal death.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hypertensive Disorders<\/strong>: Conditions like\u00a0<strong>preeclampsia and eclampsia<\/strong>\u00a0are often undetected and untreated, resulting in seizures, coma, or death.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sepsis<\/strong>: Caused by unsafe home deliveries or\u00a0<strong>crude abortion practices<\/strong>, particularly in areas with poor access to contraception and trained medical personnel.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Coexisting Illnesses<\/strong>: Diseases like\u00a0<strong>tuberculosis, malaria, and urinary tract infections<\/strong>\u00a0compound maternal risk, especially in underdeveloped states.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Models of Success: Learning from Kerala<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Kerala\u2019s approach stands out<\/strong>\u00a0as a national and even global benchmark.<\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>state\u2019s implementation of the Confidential Review of Maternal Deaths<\/strong>, pioneered by Dr. V.P. Paily, has helped identify and address avoidable causes.<\/li>\n<li>Strategies such as early\u00a0<strong>use of uterine artery clamps, management of amniotic fluid embolism, and proactive treatment of antenatal depression<\/strong>\u00a0exemplify a comprehensive model of care.<\/li>\n<li>This\u00a0<strong>goes beyond the physical to address the psychological and social aspects<\/strong>\u00a0of maternal health.<\/li>\n<li>This\u00a0<strong>proactive approach, backed by routine audits, robust training, and community engagement, should serve as a template for other states,<\/strong>\u00a0particularly in the south and parts of western India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Recommendations and the Way Forward<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Enhance Antenatal Care<\/strong>: Early registration, regular check-ups, and management of pre-existing conditions must be rigorously implemented.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Strengthen Institutional Deliveries<\/strong>: Public awareness campaigns and incentives must continue, especially in high-risk zones.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Upgrade First Referral Units (FRUs)<\/strong>: Each district must have fully functional FRUs with emergency obstetric services, a 24&#215;7 blood bank, and trained personnel.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Expand Human Resources<\/strong>: Training and deploying more obstetricians, anaesthetists, and nurses in rural areas is essential. Task-sharing models and telemedicine can also help bridge gaps.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Robust Transport Mechanisms<\/strong>: Ambulance systems need to be expanded and better integrated with community health networks.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Maternal mortality is not merely a health issue;<\/strong>\u00a0it is a reflection of a society\u2019s commitment to the well-being of its women.<\/li>\n<li>While India has made commendable\u00a0<strong>progress in reducing<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>MMR, the journey is far from over.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>existence of high-performing models like Kerala<\/strong>\u00a0proves that with political will, systemic investment, and community involvement, preventable\u00a0<strong>maternal deaths can be a thing of the past.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>The\u00a0<strong>tragedy of 93 women dying out of every one lakh live births should not be normalised\u00a0<\/strong>and it is both a challenge and a call to action, for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and society at large.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><strong>Fostering a Commitment to Stop Maternal Deaths FAQs<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><b>Q1. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is India&#8217;s Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) for 2019\u201321?<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><b>Ans. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">India&#8217;s Maternal Mortality Ratio for the period 2019\u201321 is 93 maternal deaths per 1,00,000 live births.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Q2. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Which state has the lowest MMR in India?<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><b>Ans.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Kerala has the lowest Maternal Mortality Ratio in India, with only 20 deaths per 1,00,000 live births.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Q3. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is the leading medical cause of maternal death in India?<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><b>Ans.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The leading medical cause of maternal death in India is postpartum hemorrhage, which is severe bleeding after childbirth.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Q4. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What are the three delays in maternal healthcare?<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><b>Ans. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The three delays refer to delays in deciding to seek care, delays in reaching a healthcare facility, and delays in receiving appropriate care once at the facility.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Q5. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What program helped increase institutional deliveries in India?<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><b>Ans.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) helped increase institutional deliveries in India through community health workers and financial incentives.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/lead\/fostering-a-commitment-to-stop-maternal-deaths\/article69784339.ece#:~:text=The%20use%20of%20uterine%20artery,cirrhosis%20are%20strategies%20taught%20to\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>The Hindu<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Daily Editorial Analysis 8 July 2025 by Vajiram &#038; Ravi covers key editorials from The Hindu &#038; Indian Express with UPSC-focused insights and relevance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":50653,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[138],"tags":[141,882,909],"class_list":{"0":"post-53905","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-daily-editorial-analysis","8":"tag-daily-editorial-analysis","9":"tag-the-hindu-editorial-analysis","10":"tag-the-indian-express-analysis","11":"no-featured-image-padding"},"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53905","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=53905"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/53905\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/50653"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=53905"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=53905"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vajiramandravi.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=53905"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}